Application of EIQ Analysis in Order Picking and Storage Assignmen

[[abstract]]人工揀貨作業成本佔整個物流中心總作業成本的15%~20%，因此揀貨在物流中心作業中佔有極重要的地位。在倉儲作業中，貨品的存放位置擺設與揀貨作業策略，直接地影響了物料處理成本的高低。但大多數的研究均從訂單處理、儲位指派及揀貨路徑這三方面個別處理，較少精確應用訂單資訊、考慮多面向因素（儲位指派、揀貨方式、批次決定）去進行揀貨作業系統設計。有鑑於此，本研究藉由考慮揀貨方式選取規則、批次法則、與儲位指派的整體角度，對物流中心揀貨作業進行整體規劃，期望能獲得較佳的設計，提高揀貨效率。 本研究在透過物流中心之揀貨作業於不同揀貨方式選取規則、批次法則、儲位指派組合下，提出九種不同的模式，並藉由模擬實驗驗證其效果，以達到提升揀貨效率、降低揀貨作業時間的目的。研究結果發現，當訂單呈均勻分配時，如果精確利用訂單資訊於揀貨作業中，尤以在揀貨方式選取規則中採SQ、批次法則採SE、儲位指派法則採週轉率，確實可有效提昇揀貨作業。當訂單呈珈瑪分配、指數分配時，如果精確利用訂單資訊於揀貨作業中，尤以在揀貨方式選取規則中採SQ、批次法則採SE、儲位指派法則採IK，確實可有效提昇揀貨作業。當訂單形態呈常態分配時，無論實驗因子參數值範圍為何，揀貨方式選取規則中採SQ、批次法則採SE、儲位指派法則採IK法的結果較佳。而且改變樣本標準差的設定，平均揀貨作業時間會與標準差呈反向變動。[[abstract]]Averagely, order picking cost accounts for 15~20% of the total operational cost of a distribution center. Among different factors affecting order-picking cost, storage layout and picking procedure are the most significant ones. Past researches have studied the impact of order processing, storage assignment, and picking routing on picking efficiency independently. Few of them have tried to utilize order information more precisely to improve picking efficiency. The research tries to reduce picking time from three aspects simultaneously: picking decision, batching, and storage locations assignment. The objective is to solve the picking issues in an overall basis so that picking efficiency could be improved. The research uses simulation to study and find a better picking operation combination. Under class storage policy, the results show: (1) When the customer order is in uniform distribution, it is found the best picking decision is SQ, the best batching rule is SE, and the best storage locations assignment is turnover-rate method. (2) When the customer order is in gamma or exponential distribution, it is found the best picking decision is SQ, the best batching rule is SE, and the best storage locations assignment is IK. (3) When the customer order is in normal distribution, the SIS model is the best. And when the mean and standard deviation are stable, change of FPV will not affect the picking efficiency. However, standard deviation and the average picking time are negatively correlated