An Analysis for Relative Factors Affect Port Logistics on Development

[[abstract]]隨著國際間港埠的競爭越來越激烈的情況下，港埠除了以提昇本身的經營效率來吸引航商之外，近年來，各國際主要大港也紛紛想藉由港埠物流之發展，來提升其競爭力，並具以爭取更多之港埠使用者？事實上，以物流業的觀點來看，港埠若想透過整合國際物流業務來發展港埠之物流業務，則需考慮之因素將包括：港埠競爭力、國際物流能力以及一般物流能力等皆有相當程度的關係。然而以經營環境的觀點來看，港埠的競爭力將會受到海運市場狀況的影響；同時，總體的經濟環境也會影響到國際物流的興盛與否。因此本研究首先將探討有哪些因素會影響港埠物流之發展。之後，再針對所有因素來建構因素間之相關影響模式架構，以驗證國內港埠物流之發展條件，以及相關因素間之關係為何。 本研究透過問卷調查的方式，針對國內的航商、港口、學術界等不同領域的人士，共發出288份問卷，而有效樣本數為145份。之後，本研究利用統計上結構化等式模型（SEM）模式的應用，來進行相關之實證研究。而其主要研究結果發現：港埠物流發展的成功機會受到物流條件（包含一般物流與國際物流）直接的影響，以及環境條件（包含海運市場與總體經濟環境）的間接影響。而物流條件對於港埠物流發展有較顯著的正面影響。[[abstract]]Due to the intensified competitive surroundings, most of major ports in the world have still tried to improve their operational efficiency and create more service items for inducing more liners’ calls. In the past several years, to introduce the logistics-oriented services into the port operations has been regarded as the most powerful mean to effectively raise the port competitiveness. Based on the viewpoint of logistics operation, if a port tries to create logistics-related activities in its service items by integrating the operations in international logistics and port, then port ability, general logistics ability and international logistics ability are the most important factors. Furthermore, the port ability is influenced by the market situation of international ocean transportation. And, the development of international logistics activities will be dependent on the performance of international economics. In this study, I have investigated what factors will play the key roles on developing the port logistics-related services. After clarifying the factors, the relationship among the factors will be analyzed to verify the conditions of domestic ports to develop the logistics-related activities. A questionnaire survey with 288 samples has been mailed to the researchers in academic institutions and managers of liners and ports in Taiwan. There are 145 effective sample collected eventually. The statistical method of structural equation model (SEM) has been applied in the empirical study part of this study. The main findings are: the logistics conditions, including general and international logistics abilities will have direct impact on the opportunity of successfully develop the logistics-related services for the port. In addition, the environmental conditions, including the market situation of ocean transportation and the performance of economics will contribute indirect impacts on the opportunity of success. Furthermore, the general logistic ability has a significantly positive effect on the development of logistic-related services for the ports in Taiwan