The Impact of Strategic Alliances on Supply Chain Behaviors in Semiconductor Back-End Industry

[[abstract]]本研究以半導體後段產業（亦即封裝業及測試業），與上游晶圓廠及IC設計業從事策略聯盟為研究主軸，探討該產業進行策略聯盟之動機、聯盟型態、與聯盟績效之相關議題。本研究透過文案調查法及深度訪談法兩者交互進行，以達到互相支援的效果並取得綜效。 由於半導體後段產業有些是上游廠商自己所成立的專屬封測廠，有些是專業封測廠，由於兩種型態封測業經營模式不同，因此在聯盟的動機、型態、及績效上會有所差異，本研究特加以區分以求較為完整的分析結果。至於上游部份則分成，包括晶圓代工廠與整合元件廠之Fab廠，及專職IC設計之Fabless廠兩部份加以分析。研究結果發現，半導體後段產業策略聯盟的主要目的，在於將半導體產業供應鏈中之上游晶圓廠及下游封測廠進行結盟，以交換互補性的資源，各自達成階段性的目標產品發展，進而獲得長期性的市場競爭優勢。 此外，本研究定義策略聯盟為暫時性的企業合作關係，目地在結合企業體的個別競爭優勢，再經過綜效相乘的效果構成整體競爭力。這種定義雖不盡然符合一般學者之定義，但透過訪談個案公司的傾囊相授與意見交流，卻更能表達目前如戰國時代之封測業的現況。[[abstract]]The study focuses on the strategic alliance behaviors in semiconductor industry. The emphasis is placed on the relationship between upstream members (i.e., foundry factories and IC design house) and backend factories (i.e., assembly and testing houses). Main topics discussed includ the motivation, alliance types, and performance of these relationships. Because of different operating characteristics between in-house and public assembly/testing houses, the discussions will be conducted with respect to these two dimensions in backend streams. At upstream level, the analysis will be organized according to fab of IDM and fabless of professional IC design-house. Desk research and in-depth interview methods are utilized to conduct the research. The results show that the major reason for the back-end industry teaming with upstream industry is to acquire complementary resources, boost productivity and gain competitive advantage in the long run. We define strategy alliance as a temporary cooperative relationship between partnerships, which may not perfectly conform to prevailing definition but do reflect the real situation of the industry