TheEffectofMeditationonSelf-actualization,FlowandServiceQualityamongEnterpriseEmployees

[[abstract]]「知而不行，是為不知；行而不知，可以致知。」 打坐修煉的方式對於我們東方人可以說是耳熟能詳，可惜的是只有少數人知行合一而發現其奧妙及意義，大多數人依然停留在西方的月亮比較圓之階段，而未能窺見我們老祖宗所傳下來的偉大智慧。 然而今日，西方超個人心理學卻從東方佛道智慧中找到了一個更具包容性的人和人性的範式。他們頓時發現了與今日西方思想根本不同的人生觀、價值觀、世界觀和人的模式，特別是東方佛道智慧中「小我乃大我之一部份」的見解。另外他們也發現了東方相當深奧而複雜的意識譜，以及各種調整情緒、放鬆身心、集中心力、鍛鍊意志、啟迪心靈和可以導致高峰體驗和心流經驗的方法。顯然，這些東方智慧是超個人心理學重要思想的來源。 是否我們也應該重新認真的看待打坐修煉的意義與方法，是否能轉變我們固有習性而得到新的啟示與意義 本研究即是探討自我實現程度、心流程度、服務品質與打坐修煉四者間之關係，且為了奠定理論基礎並引導研究方向，本研究之文獻探討共分為五個部份：(1)打坐修行，(2)需求階層理論，(3)高峰經驗，(4)心流理論，(5)服務品質。 雖然研究結果未能證實「自我實現」及「服務品質」在「打坐修煉」實驗前後有顯著差異存在，不過那也只能說是前後兩個月的實驗時間太短所顯現的成果而已。而本研究證實「心流程度」在「打坐修煉」實驗前後有顯著的差異存在，可見打坐確實是一種體驗高峰經驗的簡易方式。再對照文獻探討與實驗結果，發現自我實現與服務品質是經由心流的體驗後，對身心生活產生新的好奇，在好奇心的驅使探索下，對身心因緣的關係法則產生新的認識，進而格物致知，轉識成智。因此也改變了人生價值及建立新的生活態度。 期望經過本研究結果與文獻探討，能將道家、佛家的修煉智慧與方法，引發社會大眾、企業、學校更多的認識與重視。適當地運用打坐修煉，體會高峰經驗時短暫的自我實現片刻，藉由此瞬間的體驗，更可明白自己的潛能與生命的真象。並且對企業在實施員工教育訓練時，另一種從員工潛能及自我實現角度出發為觀點的改善顧客服務品質之方法。[[abstract]]“Knowing without taking action is indeed a lack of knowledge. Taking action without knowing can help us to learn” Meditation is no stranger to oriental people. Yet, only a few can make their action congruent with their knowledge. And, only a few can realize its subtlety and meaning. Most people still hold that the moon in the Western world is more perfect. They fail to realize the great wisdom passed down by our ancestors. However, experts in supernatural psychology of the Western world have discovered that the wisdom embodied in Taoism and Buddhism in the oriental world broadly encompasses the harmony between human beings and human nature of late. They suddenly realize that philosophy of life, value, world view and social norms are entirely different from mainstream Western thought. This is particular true so far as the philosophy that “the smaller-self is a just a tiny part of the larger-self” in Buddhism. In addition, they also realize the deep and complex mindsets of the oriental world, and the methods used for relaxation, concentration, developing strong will, nurturing of mind, bringing about peak experience and experience of flow. Obviously, this sort of wisdom of the oriental world remains as the vital source of thoughts for supernatural psychology. Would it be necessary for us to seriously reconsider the meaning and method of meditation? Could this help to change our inherent habits for new inspiration and meaning? The scope of this study covers the degree of self-actualization, flow, service quality and medication, and their interrelationship. For the purpose of reifying certain theories and guiding further study in this discipline, this study contains five areas of literature review, as well as their meaning and studies pertinent to those areas: (1)Meditation; (2)Need-Hierarchy Theory; (3)Peak Experience; (4)Flow Theory; (5)Service Quality. Although the result of the study cannot prove significant variation before and after the object of an experiment was exposed to “self-actualization”, “service quality” and “meditation”, this is perhaps because the period of exposure to the experiment is too short (just two months). For “flow” and “meditation”, the result of the experiment showed significant variation. This infers that meditation really is a simple method for bringing about peak experience. By referring to the reviews of literature to the experiment results, we discover that self-actualization and service quality are the results of the experience of the flow, which generate new forms of curiosity in the mind and life. Such new forms of curiosity in turn drive for new knowledge under the mean-end consequence effect of the mind and the body. In effect, individuals tend to learn new knowledge, which turns into their wisdom. As such, they change their value of life and create a new attitude of living. This study is an attempt to apply the result of empirical study and literature review, to present the wisdom and methods of meditation practiced in Taoism and Buddhism to the knowledge of the public, enterprises, and schools for their attention. If one can practice meditation properly, he or she may experience meteoric self-actualization in peak experience. With this meteoric experience, people know their own potential, and can look at things from the perspective of self-actualization. This will contribute to the improvement of customer service quality