Design of RFID Tag and demodulation Chip

[[abstract]]隨著時代的進步，無線射頻辨識系統(Radio Frequency Identification)被廣泛的應用在日常生活中，如大眾運輸的悠遊卡、大樓管理的門禁系統、圖資館借閱系統、公路收費系統等都是常見的應用。其應用中較常見的就是被動式標籤型的晶片，由於它體積小、內部無須電源，市面上都多以此類型為主。 本論文著重於被動式標籤晶片與其解調變晶片設計，標籤晶片系統分成5個部分，分別為倍壓電路、電壓調整電路、環形振盪器、SPI介面、信號調變電路，5個部分；其解調變晶片系統分成5個部分，分別為信號控制電路、環型振盪器、TSPC(true-single-phase-clock)計數器、栓鎖器、比較器。 本論文以TSMC 18μm 1P6M製程實現設計，標籤晶片可由外部控制腳選擇ASK/FSK調變，其ASK調變頻率為450MHz；FSK調變頻率為450M/250MHz。在解調晶片方面，設計上為數位式解調變設計，可接收ASK/FSK的調變信號。由於調變信號屬於高頻部分，為了使其能在高頻段下正常作用，電路以TSPC架構來實現計數器電路。其標籤晶片面積0.79 x 0.94 mm2；解調變晶片面積0.52 x 0.33 mm2 。[[abstract]]RFID is widely used in daily life, such as money card, building management access control system, map information Guan loan system, road toll systems. In this thesis, we design the passive tag chip and reader chip. The RFID tag is to modulate the data, where the system is divided into five parts: double voltage circuit, voltage regulation circuit, ring oscillator, SPI interface, signal modulation circuit. The reader chip is mainly to demodulate the RF signal to digital code, where the system includes the signal control circuit, ring oscillator, TSPC counters, latches, comparators. These chip are implemented by TSMC 18μm 1P6M process. For passive tag chip, the chip select the mode of ASK / FSK modulation by external control. The ASK modulation rate is 450MHz; and FSK modulation rate is 450M/250MHz. The tag chip area is 0.79 x 0.94 mm2 . In the reader chip, the demodulator is designed with digital type, to receive ASK / FSK signal to recover digital data. The high frequency TSPC counter is used to counter the signal frequency. During one counting time, the data is high when the counting value is over than one threshold. The data can be automatically tracked to find the digital code rather than the convectional PLL approach in the decoder. The demodulator chip area is 0.52 x 0.33 mm2