An Analysis of Benefits on Implementing Enterprise Resource Planning – From Organization Information Process Theory

[[abstract]]成功有效的實現企業資源規劃(ERP)已經成為影響企業競爭優勢的關鍵要項。企業希望透過ERP 現有或經過調整的功能，迅速有效的解決企業問題，但許多引入ERP 的公司，並未能收到導入後的效益，因此，企業除了有效的導入ERP之外，更需要了解在哪些情況下可以產生更好的效益，這將是企業所必須面臨的重要課題之一。 本研究的目的在描述一個影響ERP 組織效益的模型，藉由組織資訊處理理論(OIPT)的觀點，說明組織的效能受資訊處理機制及組織情境二者的適配度影響而有不同的結果，然而，影響適配度的二個重要因素為相依性與差異性，我們考量此二個因素，期望提升相依性，減少差異性，以增加資訊處理機制與組織情境二者的適配度。本研究提出「資料資源管理」、「ERP 客製化」及「組織機制」來增加部門間彼此的相依性並減少差異性，希望以前述三項機制來改善個人及部門的「工作效率」與「增加協調度」，並做為企業整體效益的中介效益以期帶來正面的影響。本研究另一目的是了解前述影響中介效益的關係中，是否也會受到「組織氣氛」的權變影響。 本研究以問卷調查法針對國內1000 大製造業及中小企業進行調查，共取得有 問卷184 份，並進行資料分析結果發現如下：(一)「資料資源管理」對ERP 中介效益具有正面的影響，「ERP 客製化」及「組織機制」對部分之ERP 中介效益具有正面的效果；(二)ERP 中介效益對ERP 企業整體效益具有正面的影響，而前述三項機制透過ERP 中介效益也會對ERP 整體效益產生間接的效果；(三)「組織氣氛」對於變項間相互影響過程中，雖然「組織機制」影響「協調度」的調和作用不存在，但其餘皆具有調和效果。 本研究的具體貢獻在於將影響企業採行ERP 的整體效益之相關因素予以量化，透過對「資料資源管理」、「ERP 客製化」、「組織機制」、「組織氣氛」、ERP 中介效益、ERP 整體效益等具體化指標，企業組織可以考量這些因素對ERP的執行過程做有效的管理以獲得正面的效益。[[abstract]]ABSTRACT It has been a key for an enterprise to increase its edge of competition by successfully and efficiently realizing enterprise resource planning (ERP) Enterprises expect to efficiently solve their problems by using an existing or an adjusted ERP However there have been a lot of corporate failed to obtain the anticipated benefits after deploying ERP Therefore it will be an important learning for enterprises to not only efficiently implement ERP but also understand how to yield even larger benefits under certain conditions The objective of this research is to describe a model that influences the ERP organizational benefits It will be shown from organizational information processing theory (OIPT) point of view that the results of organizational benefits would be dramatically affected by the fit between information processing mechanism and organizational situations The two most important factors affecting the fit between information processing mechanism and organizational situations are interdependence and differentiation By considering these two factors we hope to increase the interdependence and to decrease the differentiation in order to boost the fit between information processing mechanism and organizational situations The proposal based on this research is to utilize data resource management ERP customization as well as organizational mechanisms to increase the interdependence and to decrease the differentiation It is expected that by conducting those three mechanisms the task efficiency and coordination improvement between individual employee and department would be raised In addition the three mechanisms can also be treated as intermediate iii benefits of the overall enterprise benefits to bring up positive effects The other objective of this research is to understand whether those affecting intermediate benefits would be impacted by changes of organizational climate This research was carried out by surveys over 1000 large manufacturers and mid-size enterprises yielding 184 effective surveys in the end The analysis shows that: (1) Data resource management has a positive effect on intermediate ERP benefits ERP customization and organizational mechanisms produce positive results to intermediate ERP benefits (2) Intermediate ERP benefits have a positive effect on overall enterprise benefits The three mechanisms described earlier also have indirect effects on overall ERP benefits through intermediate ERP benefits (3) Although organizational climate will not moderate the relationship between organizational mechanisms and coordination improvements there are interactions on all other pairs of regression models among the contingence variables The contributions of this work are influencing the implementations of ERP in enterprises by quantifying the inter-related factors to promote the overall ERP benefits Through quantitative pointers of data resource management ERP customization organizational mechanisms organizational climate intermediate ERP benefits and overall ERP benefits enterprises would be able to take these factors into account to effectively manage the execution process of ERP thus achieving positive benefit