The Application of Constructive Change in Civil Procedure of Construction Disputes in Taiwan

[[abstract]]「擬制變更 (constructive change) 」在國外工程爭議中，已廣泛為廠商求償時引用為請求契約價金或工期調整之依據，但擬制變更的觀念目前在國內似乎尚未被接受。本研究的目的即在探究「擬制變更」在國外之發展情況及目前近十年來國內「擬制變更」之見解。藉由法院判案，分析工程爭議各樣態引用民法法條及「擬制變更」之情形。 本論文收集國內外相關文獻及法院實際判案，依工程爭議之原因分析歸納「擬制變更」與民法條文之相關性，並建立「擬制變更」態樣及工程爭議時引用之民法條文對照表，以做為工程爭議求償處理之參考。 本研究發現，這十年內法院引用「擬制變更」原理的判案雖有逐漸增加趨勢，惟整體而言仍不到1%，可說明法院對工程爭議「擬制變更」的觀念雖已有使用，但仍尚未普遍接受。而另發現工程爭議「擬制變更」樣態相當複雜，在我國民法中可引用為求償請求權基礎之條文相當有限，且規定不甚明確。此時如能引進國外「擬制變更」觀念，應可強化民法之不足，減少國內工程爭議數之發生。[[abstract]]“Constructive Change” in the overseas construction disputes has been widely applied by the contractor to claim recompenses for contract price or for adjusting the time limit for the project However it is not well-known in Taiwan This research aims at investigating the development of the idea of “Constructive Change” in particular its development in Taiwan for the past ten years via the analysis of relevant Civil Law construction disputes and legal cases The thesis collects the domestic and foreign relevant literature and legal cases and organizes them in terms of “Constructive Change” This research establishes categories of constructive changes and manages these changes in relation to the articles in Civil Law which offers significant reference for future construction disputes It is found that the quotation of “Constructive Change” in the court has been increased in the previous ten years but this kind of legal cases are less than 1 percent This shows that the idea of construction change is still in the initial development in Taiwan Furthermore the situation of constructive changes could be very complex but relevant regulations in Civil Law are not sufficient to deal with it It is suggested that foreign system of managing constructive changes should be introduced to the Civil Law in order to reduces domestic construction dispute