A Study on Burning Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Building Decorative Materials with a Cone Calorimeter

[[abstract]]經濟部標準檢驗局於96年1月18日修訂CNS 14705「建築材料燃燒熱釋放率試驗法－圓錐量熱儀法」之耐燃級數判定基準，並自100年9月1日起國內將全面改以CNS14705為國內唯一耐燃建材測試方法，顯見圓錐量熱儀法的重要性。 現階段國內雖已建置此項設備相關的建材燃燒資料，但因依據試驗規範之操作方式，受測試體需於一定之溫濕度條件下予以養護達至恆重方可進行；如此雖然可以在一定的溫濕度條件下取得穩定之實驗數據，但其試驗前置條件卻不見得與實際火害現場前置條件相符。台灣地區氣候高溫高濕氣候，當裝修材長期暴露於如此之氣候條件下，其火載量與熱釋放率是否與規範所定義的恆溫恆濕條件下相同，是值得進一步探究；另在室內裝修上國人普遍因家居整體規劃為主要考量，於室內常使用各種板材裝修，又為增加視覺上的美觀，裝修板材上再黏貼各種表面材，於火災發生時，這些大量使用的裝修材料之燃燒特性則在在影響後續火災成長之行為。 本研究第一階段先以普通合板為基材，運用田口實驗設計及分析，探討基材厚度、表面材、試體前置溫、濕度四因子測試結果的影響與重要性。實驗結果顯示，裝修材表面處理方式影響其防火性能最大，甚至造成有加速引燃的可能；試體之基材厚度及前置溫度屬於次要因子；而試體的前置濕度相對地則影響性程度較小。 第二階段再以普通合板、紙貼石膏板及粒片板三種材料進一步探討前置溫、濕度對於板材測試結果之影響與特性。依所得實驗數據顯示，對於裝修材料之總熱釋放量、熱釋放率峰值及平均質量損失率而言，材料的前置度及前置濕度效應似乎影響甚小，關聯性不大；但對於引燃時間而言，仍顯示材料在高濕度含量情況下，確實有延遲材料引燃的作用。[[abstract]]To determine the fire resistance rating the cone calorimeter method is often applied Since January 18 2007 the Bureau of Standards Metrology and Inspection (BSMI) under the Ministry of Economic Affairs has revised standard CNS14705 “Method of test for heat release rate for building materials - cone calorimeter method” and will make it the exclusive method for testing the fire resistance of construction materials countrywide from September 1 2011 This shows the much more importance of the test method At present the testing database of construction materials using the cone calorimeter is established However according to the standard the specimens should be cured under certain temperature and humidity to reach a steady weight before testing Though this curing process can lead to a stable data however for the initial conditions may not be the same as those on the real fire scene which the materials are long exposed to the high temperature and humidity environment of Taiwan the fire load and the heat release rate tested may not reveal the real behaviors In addition because surface materials are often applied on the construction materials for decoration the fire characteristics may also be affected Based on the above assumptions this study is carried out to validate the current standard On the first stage plywood is used as the base material The Taguchi method is applied with the thickness surface materials the initial temperature and the initial humidity as the control factors From the results it is found that the surface materials is the most dominant factor Improper surface treatment will even accelerate the ignition The thickness and the initial temperature of the specimens are secondly important Consequently the humidity of the specimens has less effect on the test results On the second stage plywood gypsum board and particle board are employed to further investigate the influences of the initial temperature and humidity Based on the testing data it can be found that the total heat release rate the peak value of the heat release rate and the average weight loss rate are merely affected by the initial temperature and humidity But it also shows the high humidity of the materials will delay the ignitio