A Study on the Disputes of Kaohsiung MRT Design-Build Projects

[[abstract]]近年來新興案件如統包工程爭議大幅增加，惟國內文獻對統包工程爭議問題研議者仍少，乃觸發研究統包契約爭議之動機。本論文目的在於提出解決統包契約爭議之建議，故先為文獻探討，用以歸納傳統工程爭議類型後，再導入高雄捷運土建統包工程契約爭議，俾尋求統包契約與傳統工程爭議之不同點，最後提出統包契約爭議之結論與建議。 國內承包商通常於仲裁或訴訟中係以民法中抽象不具體之法律原則為請求權基礎，故本論文分別以需求變更、誠實信用原則、情事變更原則、契約解釋及文件錯誤或缺陷主張之爭議等為討論主要架構，細部則以擬制變更的項目為說明。 經整理中外文獻後發現，契約爭議類型有純以原因分類，亦有以原因及結果型態來分類，此外並大致區分為業主正式變更及擬制契約變更二大類。經分析結果顯示以發生原因作為契約爭議分類原則為佳，除可解決各類型間重覆探討的問題外，亦能針對契約發生原因提出建議或解決方案。 研究顯示傳統工程契約爭議類型之分類原則亦可用於統包契約爭議，但其中有關「需求不足」及「需求不清」之爭議為統包工程特有案例類型。本研究建議需求應儘早釐清，期能減少或避免日後爭議。此外統包契約以功能規範為需求及契約解釋之優先，一般傳統施工總價承攬契約則以圖說為優先，此重大差異嚴重影響契約變更與求償。[[abstract]]In recent years Due to the increasing use of the design & build (D/B) delivery method the numer of disputes arising thereof also increased However only few studies have made on the disputes of the design & build contracts This research aims to fill this gap Through literature review various types of disputes are identified and then based on the information collected from Kaohsiung MRT design & build projects the differences between disputes of D/B and D/B/B projects are analyzed In addition to avoid potential disputes of D/B projects suggestions are proposed based on the results of analysis In Taiwan contractors’ claims are generally filed according to the legal principle in the civil code which can be categorized into areas of “requirement change” ” the principle of honesty and good faith” ” the principle of the change circumstance” and ”contract interpretation and defective specification” Furthermore previous studies tend to classify dispute types based on the claimed entitlement However to effectively resolve disputes it is appropriate to classify the types of disputes by the “causes” of the claim It is found that disputes of D/B projects generally fall into two categories” insufficient demand” and “unclear demand” which can be attributable to the nature of design and build projects To avoid the potential disputes it is suggested that the owners’ demand must be clarified at the earliest possible stage Besides according to the governing priority of contract documents the function specifications rank higher than a set of basic design drawings for D/B contracts while detailed drawings rank the first priority in a D/B/B lump-sum contracts Thus it is worth noting that this difference seriously affects both project owner and contractor in handling disputes in D/B project