Investigation on the R&D Management Models for Green Industries - A Case Study on the R&D of Cr(VI) Plating Alternative Processes

[[abstract]]綠色產業所追求之環保永續與經濟發展，已成為現今世界潮流與普世價值，也是政府目前施政的的重點產業之一。但環保與經濟在一般產業經營上，常陷入兩難的困境。符合綠色環保之電鍍業如何選用最適當之研發管理模式，使環保與經濟兩者能兼籌並顧，是本研究目的之一。其次，鑒於國內電鍍產業目前尚未成功研發六價鉻替代製程，最常用之替代製程是三價鉻電鍍，但其藥劑配方完全由外商壟斷，為擺脫對國外電鍍大廠之依賴，建立本土化技術，本研究擬尋找某一電鍍廠商個案，以適當之研發管理模式，進行三價鉻電鍍製程研究開發，是第二個本研究目的。 本研究方法包括資料蒐集及產業分析，其中資料蒐集包括次級資料蒐集及初級資料蒐集。次級資料蒐集是蒐集整理三價鉻電鍍技術資料及產業資訊等，並進行專利檢索與分析。初級資料蒐集是參加技術研討會蒐集相關資料，舉辦研討會建立人脈資源，並與電鍍業者、研發機構高層及主管政府官員直接溝通，獲取第一手的資訊。然後進行國內電鍍產業五力分析及SWOT分析，參酌產官學研的技術能力與可用資源，探討六價鉻替代製程最適化之研發管理模式。 本研究以研發速度、經費、掌控性、影響既有競能之可能性、發展新競能之可能性及獲取其他企業競能之可能性等6項因子來探討六價鉻電鍍替代製程自行研發及各種合作研發模式（含策略聯盟、合資、技術引進、技術移轉、外包及參與共同研發組織等）之優劣及適用性。研究結果顯示：實驗室階段的電鍍藥劑配方以自行研發為佳，商業化階段的量產製程則以策略聯盟研發較適當。 最後，本研究以國內六價鉻替代製程研發為例，實際尋找電鍍上游（藥水商）、中游（電鍍廠）及下游（零件製造）業者籌組SBIR研發聯盟，進行「三價鉻電鍍處理試量產技術研發」個案研究，可作為國內電鍍產業有意進行相關技術研發及申請政府經費補助計畫時參考。[[abstract]]Abstract The ultimate goal of the green industries is to pursuit the sustainable environmental protection and the economic development which has already become the universal value of the current international societies and also is one of the major industries for the management of the government policies However in the management areas of the general industries how to balance the environmental protection and economic development often put them in a dilemma The purpose of this study was to explore the optimal R&D management model to balance the environmental protection and economic development to conform to the green environmental regulations for the plating industries Next since the plating industries in Taiwan have not successfully developed the hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) alternative processes the most frequently used trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) formulation prescriptions are totally monopolized by the big foreign enterprises To extricate the dependence of the plating techniques from the big foreign enterprises and to establish the solo internal developed technologies in Taiwan we try to find a case study on the plating plant and apply the suitable R&D management model to proceed the R&D of the Cr(III) plating process The research methods in this study include the data collection and industries analysis among them the data collection includes the primary and secondary data collection For the secondary data collection we try to collect and rearrange the Cr(III) plating technologies and industries information and proceed the patents survey and analysis To collect the primary data we participated various technical conferences to collect related data and also hold conferences to establish the human relationship resources and directly communicate with the plating industries technical personnel high ranking experts of the R&D organizations and the management government officials to procure the first hand information then proceeding the five forces and SWOT analysis of the plating industries in Taiwan and consult the relevant technical capabilities of the industries government and academic research organizations and the usable resources to investigate the optimal R&D management model for the Cr(VI) plating alternative processes In this study six factors including R&D speed costs control potential for leveraging existing competencies potential for developing new competencies and potential for accessing other firms’ competencies are used to investigate the advantages & disadvantages and the suitability for the solo internal development and various collaboration R&D model (including strategic alliances joint ventures licensing in licensing out outsourcing and collective research organizations) The research results indicate that it is preferable to adopt the solo internal development mode for the R&D of the plating formulation prescriptions in the laboratory stage while it is preferable to adopt the strategic alliances in the commercialization production stage Finally we take the Cr(VI) alternative process as an example to practically seek the upper stream (plating reagents supplier) middle stream (plating plant) and downstream (parts manufacturers) of the plating industries to arrange a SBIR R&D alliance to proceed the case studies on the “R&D of the mass production technologies for the Cr(III) plating treatment” as the reference for local plating industries to proceed the related technical R&D as well as to apply for the government budget supplied project