Nicotine dependence is a major cause of tobacco-related illnesses. Although tobacco smoking continues to be the leading cause of preventable death, and although the harmful health effects resulting from it are well known, about 20% of the global population continues to smoke. The addiction-causing substance in tobacco, nicotine, acts through dopamine pathways in the brain to produce several pleasurable experiences as a result of cigarette smoking. There are significant individual differences in how nicotine affects the body, and these differences in both the neurological and metabolic pathways of nicotine may determinate the degree of the subsequent nicotine addiction. Thus, both genetic and epigenetic factors related to nicotine metabol...