Investigating the impacts of energy access scenarios in the Nigerian Household Sector by 2030

Lack of access to modern forms of energy continues to hamper socio-economic developmentin Nigeria, and about 94% and 39% of the Nigerian population do not have access to clean cookingequipment and electricity, respectively. The United Nations Sustainable Energy for All initiative andSustainable Development Goal number seven seek to provide universal modern energy for all by2030. However, the implications of these global goals on Nigeria’s energy system have not been wellresearched in the literature. In this study, we applied the Long-Range Energy Alternatives PlanningSystems model to analyse the impacts of different energy access scenarios by 2030 on householdenergy consumption, CO2 emissions and local air pollutant emissions. We also analysed differentscenarios for biomass renewability in order to understand its impact on household net CO2 emissions.We found that achieving a 100% modern energy access by 2030 would reduce final energy demandby around 845 PJ, which is equivalent to a 52.4% reduction when compared to the baseline scenario.A 100% modern access would also significantly reduce local air pollutants, but increase CO2 emissionssignificantly by 16.7 MtCO2 compared to the baseline scenario. Our analysis shows that the benefitsof modern energy access have been limited in Nigeria due to poor financing and low income levelsof households. Therefore, we argue that for a 100% modern energy access in Nigeria by 2030, thereis a need to explore local and foreign funding sources, and a serious need to couple energy accessprograms in the country with income-generating activities