Chlorophyil fiuorescence, an indicator of plant physiology disorder

Chlorophyil fluorescence analysis has become one of the most powerful and widely used techniques available to plant physiologists and ecophysioloqists. This review aims to provide an introduction for the novice into the methodology and applications of chlorophyil fluorescence. After a brief introduction into the theoretical background of the technique, the methodology and some of the technical pitfalls that can be encountered are explained. A selection of examples is then used to illustrate the types of information that fluorescence can provide. In recent years, the technique of chlorophyil fluorescence has become ubiquitous in Plant ecophysiology studies. No investigation into the photosynthetic performance of plants under field conditions seems complete without some fluorescence data