Experimental investigation of harmonic and subharmonic synchronization of 40 GHz mode-locked quantum-dash laser diodes

Synchronization of a 40 GHz quantum-dash mode-locked (ML) Fabry–Perot laser diode with optically injected pulse streams is experimentally studied. Injected signals consist of nonmodulated and modulated trains of 1:6 ps pulses at various repetition rates, ranging from 10 to 160 GHz and 10 to 160 Gbps, respectively. Subharmonic, fundamental, and harmonic synchronization of the ML laser allows retrieval of stable 40 GHz clock pulses featuring a width of 1:8 ps. Frequency components at 10 and 20 GHz do not create any amplitude modulation on the recovered 40 GHz clock pulses when injecting signals at 10 and 20 GHz=Gbps. In addition, external synchronization of the laser with pulse streams at 80 and 160 GHz=Gbps is sustained despite the absence of significant components at or below 40 GHz