Balancing economic and environmental sustainability for small-scale rice farmers in Peru

Balancing economic and environmental sustainability in rice production systems is a global challenge for which integrated research efforts are needed to provide insights for achieving food production and environmental goals. In this study we analyzed data from surveys applied to 65 rice farmers in Peru. The aim of this study was to 1) identify the major management factors influencing profitability, 2) evaluate tradeoffs between economic and environmental sustainability using a suite of environmental performance indicators, and 3) understand farmer perceptions and decision-making processes related to economic profitability. Our results indicate that rice yields, grain sale price, and total spending drive profitability in this region of Peru, with the top profitability group successfully using lower inputs of labor, pesticides, elemental P, and irrigation hours. Results from focus group discussions highlighted that rice production has changed in recent decades, and the need for improved extension support services to inform farmers on best approaches to cope with increasing pests, disease, and water scarcity. Farmers indicated that without knowledge of improved technological and management options, they are vulnerable to water scarcity and exploitation from vendors along the rice supply chain. Furthermore, farmers were of the opinion that their rice production systems would not be economically sustainable unless they had more negotiating power over the sale price. Overall, rice profitability can be improved in this region by addressing key agronomic and socioeconomic challenges.LimitedAuthor requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD syste