Comparison of inlay manufacturing with different technologies

Uvod: Inleji so intrakoronalne restavracije, ki jih lahko izdelamo iz različnih materialov z uporabo različnih tehnologij. Prvi material za inleje je bilo zlato, vendar je priljubljenost tovrstne oskrbe zaradi neestetskega videza in visoke cene upadla. Danes zlato kot material za oskrbo zob zaradi odličnih estetskih lastnosti nadomeščajo keramični in kompozitni materiali. Inleje lahko izdelamo z uporabo različnih tehnologij, kot so preoblikovalne tehnologije – precizijsko litje, odvzemalne tehnologije – rezkanje, dodajalne tehnologije – 3D-tisk. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti tehnologije, s katerimi lahko izdelujemo zlate inleje, za primerjavo pa predstavljamo tudi izdelavo keramičnega inleja. Poleg opisa tehnologij smo primerjali prednosti in slabosti izdelanih inlejev, uporabljeno opremo in material za izdelavo, čas izdelave, ceno in vizualno natančnost izdelka. Metode dela: Naše raziskovanje temelji na deskriptivni metodi dela. Glavni vir informacij je strokovna literatura, ki je objavljena v znanstvenih in strokovnih revijah ter knjigah. Literaturo smo iskali z bibliografskim sistemom COBISS za knjižnice Zdravstvene in Medicinske fakultete ter Centralne tehniške knjižnice v Ljubljani. Članke v elektronski obliki smo iskali v podatkovnih bazah, kot so: PubMed, Google Scholar, ReasearchGate in ScienceDirect. Inleje smo izdelali v zobnem laboratoriju in v sodelovanju z zunanjim proizvodnim centrom. Rezultati: V praktičnem delu diplomskega dela so bili na zobu 46 izdelani trije zlati inleji s tehnologijo precizijskega litja, tehnologijo SLM in tehnologijo rezkanja. Izdelali smo tudi keramični inlej, prav tako s tehnologijo rezkanja. Vse izdelave so podprte s slikovnim gradivom. Izdelali smo časovno analizo in pregled stroškov osnovne opreme ter uporabljenih materialov. Ugotovili smo, da ima vsaka tehnologija svoje prednosti in lastnosti. Razprava in zaključek: Primerjava postopkov izdelave inlejev je pokazala, da se tehnologije med seboj razlikujejo po uporabljeni opremi, materialih, času in stroških, ki so povezani z nakupom takšne opreme in materialov. Za natančen končni izdelek so potrebne izkušnje, znanje, nadarjenost in ustvarjalnost laboratorijskega izvajalca ter razumevanje novodobne tehnologije CAD/CAM. Te tehnologije pomenijo velik napredek v primerjavi s klasičnimi postopki. Za njihovo uporabo pa je potrebno dodatno učenje s področja optičnega zajemanja podatkov in računalniškega modeliranja.Introduction: Inlays are intracoronary restorations that can be manufactured from various materials by using different technologies. The first inlay material was gold, yet the popularity of such supply decreased due to non-aesthetic appearance and high price. Nowadays gold as material for teeth treatment is substituted by ceramic and composite materials for their excellent aesthetic characteristics. Inlays can be manufactured by using different technologies such as forming technologies – precision casting, subtractive technologies – milling, additive technologies – 3D printing. Purpose: The aim of the thesis is to present different technologies used to create golden inlays. The thesis also presents the manufacture of a ceramic inlay for comparative purposes. It includes the description of technologies and comparison of advantages and disadvantages of manufactured inlays, equipment used, time of manufacture, price and visual accuracy of the product. Methods: The research is founded on descriptive methodology. The main source of information is professional literature, published in scientific and professional journals and books. The COBISS Bibliographic System was employed to search for literature in the libraries of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical Faculty and the Central Technical Library (CTK), University of Ljubljana. The online articles were found through the databases such as: PubMed, Google Scholar, ReasearchGate and ScienceDirect. The inlays were manufactured in a dental laboratory and in collaboration with the external manufacturing centre. Results: The practical part of the thesis includes tooth 46 manufactured with three golden inlays using the precision casting technology, the SLM technology and the milling technology. A ceramic inlay with the milling technology was manufactured as well. Each manufacture is supported with photos, time analysis, cost overview and the overview of used material. Such detailed analysis showed that each technology has its advantages and characteristics. Discussion and conclusion: The comparison of inlay manufacture procedure indicates that technologies differ according to the equipment and material used as well as to the production time and cost. For precise final product laboratory dental prosthetists require experience, knowledge, talent and creativity as well as the knowledge of contemporary CAD /CAM technologies. These technologies helped achieve great progress compared to the classic procedures, however, additional professional knowledge and skills from the area of optical inclusion of data and computer modelling are required for their optimal use