Legal and economic analysis of corporate governance of a bank in a process of bank recapitalization

Dokapitalizacije banke je v slovenskem prostoru še vedno pretežno smatrana zgolj v smislu izredne javnofinančne pomoči in ne kot eden najpomembnejših načinov zbiranja svežega kapitala. V skladu s posebno vlogo bančnega kapitala in naraščajočimi kapitalskimi zahtevami je potrebno dokapitalizacijo banke obravnavati tudi kot ukrep regulatorja oz. nadzornika. Dobro korporativno upravljanje bank je bistvenega pomena v postopku dokapitalizacije banke. Slednji ima v področni bančni zakonodaji kar nekaj posebnosti glede na ZGD-1, ki so posledica posebnosti bančnega sektorja in ugotovitev iz zadnje bančne krize. V postopku dokapitalizacije banke se prepleta večje število »zunanjih« in »notranjih« akterjev korporativnega upravljanja banke. Notranji akterji so v organizacijsko in hierarhično določenem razmerju, pri čemer je pomembno, da se lahko v ta razmerja in odločitev o povečanju kapitala banke, kot nadzornik bančnega sektorja s svojimi ukrepi nadzora, vmeša Banka Slovenije. Ukrepi nadzora predstavljajo tudi glavni razlog za bančne dokapitalizacije v slovenskem bančnem prostoru. Magistrsko delo je sestavljeno iz štirih delov. Prvi del je namenjen »večdimenzionalni« predstavitvi kapitala banke. Drugi del obravnava ureditev povečanja osnovnega kapitala banke v skladu z ZGD-1 in posebnostmi iz ZBan-2. V tretjem delu je opravljena normativna analiza pristojnosti in vlog akterjev korporativnega upravljanja banke v postopku dokapitalizacije v skladu z veljavno slovensko zakonodajo. V istem delu je opravljena tudi analiza statutov slovenskih bank. V četrtem delu so predstavljene ugotovitve ekonomske analize korporativnega upravljanja banke v postopku dokapitalizacije s poudarkom na bančnem nadzoru in neprostovoljnem povečanju kapitala banke.Bank recapitalization is in Slovenia still predominantly considered solely in the meaning of an exceptional public financial aid and not as one of the most important ways of raising new equity. In accordance with a special role of bank capital and increasing capital requirements, bank recapitalization shall be also discussed as a supervisory measure. Good corporate governance is essential for process of bank recapitalization. The latter has quite a few differences in comparison to ZGD-1, which are consequence of the specifics of the banking sector and findings from the latest global financial crisis. In the process of bank recapitalization there are a larger number of »external« and »internal« parties in a bank corporate governance. Internal parties are in an organisationally and hierarchically defined relationship. It shall be noted that the Bank of Slovenia can intervene in those relationships and decision on equity issuance as a supervisor of the banking sector with its supervisory measures. The latter ones also represent the main reason for bank recapitalizations in the Slovenian banking sector. This master thesis consists of four parts. The first part is dedicated to a »multidimensional« presentation of the bank capital. The second part discusses arrangements of bank equity issuance in accordance with ZGD-1 and specifics from ZBan-2. The third part includes normative analysis of competences and roles of the parties in the corporate governance in bank recapitalization in accordance with the applicable Slovenian legislation. It also contains the analysis of acts of association of the Slovenian banks. The fourth part presents findings of economic analysis of corporate governance in the process of a bank recapitalization with emphasis on banking supervison and involuntary equity issuance of a bank