Physico-chemical characterization and biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite derived from fish waste

The aim of this study was to synthesize hydroxyapatite (HAP) powder from fish waste. The powder was characterized through X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ion exchange chromatography, scanning electron microscopy and plasma emission spectrometry. The cyto- and genotoxicity was carried out to demonstrate biocompatibility in vivo by means of rat subcutaneous tissue test. The results showed that the visible crystalline nature of typical apatite crystal structure when they were calcined at 800 degrees C. Infrared spectroscopy analysis showed similar composition to HAP standard with the presence of carbonate ion demonstrated by wave number values of 871 cm(-1) and 1420 cm(-1) for calcinations at 800 degrees C. The scanning electronmicrographies depicted the crystal morphology and porous nature with average pore size of similar to 10 mu m. Plasma emission spectrometry and ion exchange chromatography confirmed the presence of Ca and P in the samples. The mean of calcium content was 36.8Mg was 0.8, Na was 0.7 and K was 0.5. Rat subcutaneous tissue test revealed that HAP presented biocompatibility. Furthermore, the lack of cyto- and genotoxicity in blood, liver, kidney and lung were noticed after 30 days of HAP implantation. Taken together, our results demonstrated that HAP from fish waste exhibits a great potential for using as biomaterial since is represents a simple, effective, low-cost process and satisfactory degree of biocompatibility.CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico)Fed Univ Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Biosci, Av Ana Costa 95, BR-11060001 Santos, SP, BrazilIPEN, Nucl & Energy Res Inst, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilFed Univ Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Biosci, Av Ana Costa 95, BR-11060001 Santos, SP, BrazilCNPq: 442149/2014-0Web of Scienc