Untersuchung der Resilienz von Flughafenterminalsystemen auf Basis analytischer und simulationsbasierter Methoden

The resilience of a system represents the ability to adapt to and recover from internal or external disturbances. Airports as a part of critical infrastructures are exposed to a wide range of disruptive events in everyday operations. Resilience consequently forms a fundamental characteristic of airports in order to maintain transport functions in critical situations. This thesis derives a system of indicators from literature to evaluate the resilience of airport terminal systems. Furthermore, a first comprehensive analysis of the resilience of airport terminal systems is conducted with simulation experiments. Based on a detailed literature review about the topic of resilience, the dimensions robustness, rapidity and performance loss over time are identified as core characteristics of resilience. Resilience indicators are defined to quantify those dimensions. Definitions of resilience are transferred from literature to the application area of airport terminal systems. A review of potential modelling approaches for airport terminal systems provides analytical and simulation-based tools in order to apply the resilience indicators to airport terminal systems. Simplified, analytical and simulation-based models are used to determine correlations between input parameters and resilience indicators. An increased duration of disruption and system utilization have a negative effect on resilience, while an increased variability of the passenger arrival rate has a positive effect. The analytical calculations can validate the results of the discrete event simulation. A generic terminal model with real flight plans as input data is used to evaluate specific disturbance scenarios. The results imply a low level of resilience for a terminal evacuation scenario and a medium level of resilience for an IT system failure scenario. The resilience of the generic model depends on the considered flight plan, the number of passengers and the disturbance scenario. The results of the simulations quantify the correlations between input variables and the dimensions of resilience. Resilience can be seen as a dynamic variable, which depends on the occupancy of the terminal system as well as the disruption scenario. The resilience indicators can be used to identify vulnerabilities and recovery actions in order to develop and evaluate efficient strategies as well as to increase the resilience of airport terminal systems in the long term