Minimalizační technologie zpracování půdy ke kukuřici na zrno

This diploma thesis is aimed at comparing the influence of various soil tillage alternatives on grain corn yield and the changes of soil properties. The observation was carried out at an experimental station with corn monoculture, in an experiment established in 2001 in a corn production area on loam Orthic Luvisol. The thesis compiles results from years 2015 and 2016. Four basic examples of soil tillage were assessed - ploughing (0,22 m), deep loosening (0,25 m), shallow loosening (0,12 m) and direct sowing. The highest average grain corn yield was achieved in 2016 after deep loosening (13,35 t.ha-1), similar values were after shallow loosening (13,23 t.ha-1) and ploughing (12,94 t.ha-1), the lowest yield was after direct sowing (12,35 t.ha-1). The yield in year 2015 was influenced by extreme climate conditions. It was approximately by 50% lower than in year 2016. The highest yield was after deep loosening (6,67 t.ha-1) and the lowest after ploughing (5,63 t.ha-1). This diploma thesis also evaluates basic soil physics - bulk density, total porosity, minimum soil air capacity and soil moisture content. It follows from statistical assessment that when the intensity of soil tillage sinks, the values of bulk density raise statistically significantly and total porosity sinks. The alternative of direct sowing proved the highest values of bulk density, the lowest values of total porosity and the lowest values of minimum soil air capacity. The values measured during direct sowing in 0,10-0,20 m depth exceeded the critical limits of soil compaction. The lowest soil moisture content was shown during deep loosening and the highest during direct sowing. Measured penetrometric soil resistance always increased under the depth of soil tillage and there the more solid layer was formed. However, the critical limit indicating soil compaction was exceeded only during tillage. It was in depth 0,25 m. From long-term evaluation, shallow loosening can be recommended to grow grain corn in this area. This alternative provides corn with optimal conditions for its growth and development. When compared to the alternative of ploughing it is more soil-friendly, more profitable and uses labour force more effectively. The experience from practice and the results of our experiment vindicated the recommendation of regular deep loosening inclusion when growing grain corn