Analýza farmy dojnic za účelem kontroly výživy, metabolismu a zdraví dojnic ve vztahu k užitkovosti

The aim of the final thesis was to control the management of dairy cows breeding, nutrition, health and milk production in the chosen company. The next aim was to recommend measures in the order to improve the business situation, to realize some of them and compare results. Literary part is focused on the characteristic of nutrition of calves, heifers and dairy cattle. Methods how to control nutrition and metabolism with using feed mixture, excrements, ruminant, body condition, control of milk production and a content of milk components analysis are described. Practical part includes a description of the company, an analysis of the situation in April 2018 and recommended improvement measures. The implemented measures on the farm in summer 2018 are also described. The breed is characterized by data such as number of cattle, results of reproduction and health, average yields in last years and milk components. Furthermore, the changes that took place on the farm during the reporting period are described. The weights of two groups of calves with different nutrition were compared and evaluated (the group of calves fed with milk and starter from the birth vs. the group of calves fed only with milk). At the age of three months, calves fed with milk and starter had significantly higher weight compared to the group of calves which were fed with starter during weaning period. The milk yield was inconclusive (p = 0.06) after the realization of the measures. However, there were significant changes in milk components — protein, fat and urea content increased. The comparision of milk yield and milk components of the Czech Fleckvieh’s and Holstein’s breed was evaluated. Holstein dairy cows had a higher milk yield with lower somatic cells. On the other hand milk of Czech Fleckvieh’s cows contained more protein and fat. Other analyses showed, that cows are getting fat at the end of lactation and during dry period. Suspicions of acidosis and insufficient homogeneity of feed mixture were evaluated (because of the different consistency of feces of dairy cows in the same group, the content of the raw elements was high in feed ration, the problem of separation of feed mixture components during transport by belt conveyors was proven)