This bachelor thesis is focused on summarizing the knowledge about magnesium and magnesium alloys and their use in various industries. In the introductory part, the beneficial properties of this metal, its alloys and methods of production are highlighted. The second part is focused on castings of these alloys, where we describe their preparation and the actual casting process in various ways. Based on previous research, we evaluate the development of the use of these alloys in various industries such as automotive, aerospace and electrical engineering, as well as modern use in medicine. Last but not least, we criticize the positives and negatives of the entire process of production of final parts in terms of environmental impact