Novel Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19): A Literature Based Review

Currently, the emergence of a novel human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global health concern causing severe respiratory tract infections in humans as well as in animal too. The 2019-novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a major source of disaster in the 21st century. However, the lack of specific drugs to prevent/treat an attack is a major need at this current point of time. Currently, the emergence of a novel human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global health concern causing severe respiratory tract infections in humans. A human-to-human transmission has been described with incubation times between 2-10 days, facilitating its spread via droplets, contaminated hands or surfaces. We therefore reviewed the literature on all available information about the persistence of human and veterinary coronavirus on inanimate surfaces as well as inactivation strategies with biocidal agents used for chemical disinfection, e.g. in healthcare facilities. Currently, the research on novel coronavirus is still in the primary stage till now. Based on the current published evidence, we systematically summarize the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of knowledge surrounding COVID-19. In December 2019, several patients from Wuhan, China were admitted to hospitals with symptoms of pneumonia. As the number of patients presenting with similar symptoms started to rise, the causative agent was eventually isolated from samples. It was initially called the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and has been recently relabelled as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); the disease it causes has been named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Over the next few weeks, the virus spread from Wuhan to affect different provinces in China and, after a few months, it is now present in 109 countries. This review in the hope of helping the public effectively recognize and deal with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The global impact of this new epidemic is yet uncertain