Environmental aspects of the Via Noroeste trail of the Pico do Marumbi State Park, PR

O Parque Estadual Pico do Marumbi foi criado em 1990 com a finalidade de preservar o maciço Marumbi. A trilha Via Noroeste é um dos principais acessos ao Olimpo, ponto culminante do maciço, além de outros cumes do conjunto. Devido à visitação intensa e à ação da erosão, essa trilha apresenta pontos extremamente degradados. O objetivo foi caracterizar e classificar os solos e a vegetação e correlacioná-los com declividade, altitude, geologia e posição no relevo, gerando, assim, subsídio para posterior avaliação da erosão. Ao longo da trilha, foram realizadas tradagens e abertura de perfis para descrição geral e morfológica dos solos. A vegetação foi caracterizada fisionomicamente. Em seguida correlacionaram-se vegetação, solos, declividade, altitude, geologia e posição no relevo. Observou-se que predominou o granito Marumbi como material geológico. Foram identificados solos pertencentes às classes dos Cambissolos, Argissolos, Neossolos e Organossolos, e a cobertura vegetal foi classificada como Floresta Ombrófila Densa, subdividida nas formações Submontana, Submontana transição Montana, Montana, Montana de porte baixo, Altomontana e Altomontana de porte baixo. Concluiu-se que a altitude e a declividade definem os solos e a vegetação de acordo com a posição no relevo.Palavras-chave: Ecologia florestal; solos florestais; vegetação de montanha. AbstractEnvironmental aspects of the Via Noroeste trail of the Pico do Marumbi State Park, PR. Pico do Marumbi State Park was created in 1990 to preserve the Marumbi massif. The Via Noroeste trail is one of the main access to Olimpo, the culmination point. This trail presents extremely degraded points, because the intense visitation and action of erosion. This research aim to characterize and classify the soils and vegetation and correlate them with slope, elevation, geology and position on the relief, in order to generate subsidy for future erosion assessment. Soil profiles were exposed for morphologic description. The vegetation was physionomically characterized. Then it correlated vegetation, soils, slope, altitude, geology and position on the relief. The Marumbi granite was identified as the geological predominant material. The soils were classified as Cambisols, Acrisols, Leptosols, Regosols and Histosols. The vegetation was classified as Dense Ombrophilous Forest (Rain Forest), subdivided in Submontane Forest, Submontane transition Montane Forest, Montane Forest, small sized Submontane Forest, Upper Montane Forest, small sized Upper Montane Forest and Grassland. As conclusion, the altitude and slope define soil and vegetation according to the position on the relief.Keywords: Forestry ecology; Forestry soils; Mountain vegetation.AbstractPico do Marumbi State Park was created in 1990 to preserve the Marumbi massif. The Via Noroeste trail is one of the main access to Olimpo, the culmination point. This trail presents extremely degraded points, because the intense visitation and action of erosion. This research aim to characterize and classify the soils and vegetation and correlate them with slope, elevation, geology and position on the relief, in order to generate subsidy for future erosion assessment. Soil profiles were exposed for morphologic description. The vegetation was physionomically characterized. Then it correlated vegetation, soils, slope, altitude, geology and position on the relief. The Marumbi granite was identified as the geological predominant material. The soils were classified as Cambisols, Acrisols, Leptosols, Regosols and Histosols. The vegetation was classified as Dense Ombrophilous Forest (Rain Forest), subdivided in Submontane Forest, Submontane transition Montane Forest, Montane Forest, small sized Submontane Forest, Upper Montane Forest, small sized Upper Montane Forest and Grassland. As conclusion, the altitude and slope define soil and vegetation according to the position on the relief.Keywords: Forestry ecology; Forestry soils; Mountain vegetation