The creation of the nursing teaching in Brazil

A retrospectiva histórica permite a análise dos fatos ocorridos de maneira crítica e reflexiva, procurando respostas a questionamentos que permeiam a prática contemporânea da Enfermagem. A imposição do mercado de trabalho, a dicotomia teoria-prática, o cuidado centrado apenas no saber-fazer, a submissão da categoria e sua conseqüente falta de autonomia possuem raízes históricas na construção profissional da categoria, tanto na prática como no ensino. Assim, apresenta-se uma análise histórica do Decreto n° 791, de 27 de setembro de 1890, assinado pelo então presidente da República, Marechal Deodoro da Fonseca, momento em que se criou a primeira escola de Enfermagem no Brasil. A análise e contextualização histórica do documento permitem vislumbrar que a ênfase no tecnicismo, a criação de mão-de-obra barata e a subserviência, já eram questões presentes no ensino da Enfermagem no país desde seus primórdios.The creation of the nursing teaching in BrazilAbstractThe historical retrospective allows the analysis of the facts in a critical and reflexive way, looking for answers to questions that arise in the comtemporary Nursing prctice. The theory-practice dichotomy, the care centered only in know-how-tomake, the submission of the category and its consequent lack of autonomy have historical roots in the professional construction of Nursing, in its practice as well as in the teaching process. We present an analysis of the n° 791 Decree signed by Marechal Deodoro da Fonseca, president of the Brazilian Republic at the time, which isntitued the fisrt school of Nursing in Brazil. The analysis of such decue in its historical context allow us to infer that teaching of Nursing in Brazil emphasizes the technical aspects since then.The historical retrospective allows theanalysis of the facts in a critical and reflexive way,looking for answers to questions that arise in thecomtemporary Nursing prctice. The theory-practicedichotomy, the care centered only in know-how-tomake,the submission of the category and itsconsequent lack of autonomy have historical rootsin the professional construction of Nursing, in itspractice as well as in the teaching process. Wepresent an analysis of the n° 791 Decree signed byMarechal Deodoro da Fonseca, president of theBrazilian Republic at the time, which isntitued the fisrtschool of Nursing in Brazil. The analysis of suchdecue in its historical context allow us to infer thatteaching of Nursing in Brazil emphasizes thetechnical aspects since then