Distributed equivalents of lumped element networks

In the literature, design of to matching networks with lumped elements alone is well established. In practice however, the main field of interest on matching is in the high frequency applications, where usually realizations in the form of distributed elements alone in the circuit realization presents serious implementation problems, because of the difficulties regarding the physical interconnection of components and the associated parasitic effects. Therefore, in the practical implementation of high frequency networks, lumped designs are usually transformed to distributed structures by generating almost equivalent lumped-distributed network pairs. In this study, two approximation techniques are investigated for this purpose. The methods are based on the approximation of characteristic function and transfer scattering parameters of the lumped-distributed networks pairs. The application of the approximate network transformations is illustrated by examples