Microalbuminuria and Serum cystatin C Correlation as an early predictor of renal impairment in patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

BACKGROUND: Diabetes Mellitus is the most common single cause of End stage renal disease (ESRD). About 20-30% of patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus develop diabetic nephropathy as a serious complication which is the major cause of morbidity and mortality. Early identification of renal impairment is crucial to prevent the progression of nephropathy to a significant degree, Because several interventions have greatest impact if initiated very early in the course of the disease. AIM OF THE STUDY: To study the correlation of Microalbuminuria and serum Cystatin C for the early prediction of renal impairment in patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus patients attending Diabetology OPD at Stanley medical college and Hospital were selected for the study. According to the duration of diabetes, they were divided into two groups, Group I with 5 years duration. The patients in each group were categorised as cases and controls based on the Albumin Creatinine Ratio. Serum Urea, Creatinine, Cystatin C, HbA1c and urine ACR levels were estimated. Statistical analysis was done using Microsoft excel software. RESULTS: Serum Cystatin C levels were increased (0.89±0.35) in >5 years duration of Type 1 diabetes, which is statistically significant (p 5 years duration of Type 1 diabetes (r = 0.4, p