Changes in the Patterns of Vulnerability of Affected Populations in Colombia After the Implementation of the Peace Agreement

This research focuses on variations in the patterns of vulnerability of affected populations in Colombia before and after the implementation of the peace agreement to understand the relation between these changes and the implementation of the peace agreement. Different hazards identified in Colombia will be treated as dependent variables, such as crossfires and displacement, to establish a causal relation between hazards and factors of vulnerability within these same areas (independent variables). Regions that will be study are El Choco, Norte de Santander, and Antioquia. These regions are characterized for experiencing higher levels of violence and vulnerability. Illicit coca fields production, presence of illicit armed groups, drug trafficking, racial and ethnic differences, stigma, illegal mining, state’s negligence, and the implementation of the peace agreement will be treated as independent variables. To further understand why violations of human rights still occur, different points of the peace agreement will be analyzed to identify failures and successes in their implementation. I argue that the failure of the agreement was in its implementation, not in its design, and that it has become a cause of vulnerability for ex-combatants participating in reintegration programs, advocates of the agreement, and individuals actively participating in its implementation; hence creating new vulnerable groups. This study has found that an inefficient criminal justice mechanism, the power of political opposition groups, stigma, regional power vacuums, and a culture of violence have led the agreement to failure