Early Androgen Intervention for Pediatric Patients with Klinefelter’s Syndrome

Klinefelter Syndrome (KS) is a genetic disorder that results in hypogonadism and the loss of secondary sexual characteristics in a male patient as a result of low testosterone. While this diagnosis is relatively common, many patients are not aware of this condition until adulthood, when faced with reproductive challenges. However, some patients are diagnosed in early life. Pediatric patients with KS suffer from a myriad of other challenges that include difficulties in the areas of intellect and cognition; motor and strength development; behavior;and cardiometabolic disorders. Traditionally, pediatric males with KS are treated with testosterone administration in pubertal years with a goal of the facilitation of the development of secondary sexual characteristics. Collectively, the studies presented here argue that early intervention with androgens results in better outcomes for the co-morbidities associated with KS in pediatric patients