OPAŽENA AUTONOMIJA, MOTIVACIONA KLIMA I INTENCIJA PREMA FIZIČKOJ AKTIVNOST: UPOREDNO ISTRAŽIVAWE STUDENATA NA OSNOVU POLA I NIVOA OBRAZOVANJA

The main aim of the present study was to examine whether perceived autonomy during physical education (PE) classes, the perceived motivation, and students' intentions for physical activity outside of school differ based on their educational level and gender. The sample consisted of 551 children (266 boys and 285 girls), of which 320 were attending primary school and 231 were attending high school. Four instruments were used for collecting data: (a) a demographics questionnaire; (b) the Perceived Autonomy Support in Physical Education scale (P.A.S. in PE) for assessing students’ motivation; c) the Learning and Performance Orientations in Physical Education Classes Questionnaire (LAPOPECQ) for assessing the perceived motivational climate within the PE class, and (d) a questionnaire based on the Theory of Reasoned Action which assessed the participants' intentions for physical activity outside of school. The results showed that as children grow up and change educational levels, the perceived motivational climate with an emphasis on tasks, the sense of autonomy in PE, and the intention to exercise are on the decline. In addition, it appeared that girls exhibited less intention to exercise compared to boys, especially in the highest level of education, and were more likely to perceive the motivational climate in the PE lesson as task-oriented rather than ego-oriented. To sum up, the gender and educational level of students are considered two key factors for both motivation and a sense of autonomy in PE, as well as for their intention to exercise outside of school.Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se ispita da li se opažena autonomija tokom nastave fizičkog vaspitanja (FV), opažena motivacija i namere učenika prema fizičkim aktivnostima izvan škole razlikuju u skladu sa njihovim obrazovnim nivoom i polom. Uzorak se sastojao od 551 dece (266 dečaka i 285 devojčica), od kojih je 320 išlo u osnovnu školu, a 231 u srednju. Za prikupljanje podataka korišćena su četiri instrumenta: (a) demografski upitnik; (b) skala opažene autonomije u fizičkom vaspitanju (prema engl. Perceived Autonomy Support-P.A.S. u FV) za ocenjivanje motivacije učenika; c) Upitnik za ocenu opažene motivacione klime u okviru nastave fizičkog vaspitanja (prema engl. Learning and Performance Orientations in Physical Education Classes Questionnaire-LAPOPECQ) i (d) upitnik zasnovan na Teoriji razumnog delovanja kojim su ocenjivane intencije učesnika ka fizičkom aktivnošću van škola. Rezultati su pokazali da kako deca odrastaju i menjaju obrazovni nivo, opažena motivaciona klima sa naglaskom na zadatak, osećaj autonomije u FV i namera za vežbanjem opadaju. Pored toga, činilo se da devojčice pokazuju manju nameru da vežbaju u poređenju sa dečacima, posebno u najvišem stepenu obrazovanja, i više verovatno doživljavaju motivacionu klimu na časovima FV kao orijentisanu na zadatak, a ne na ego. Ukratko, pol i obrazovni nivo učenika smatraju se kao dva ključna faktora za motivaciju i osećaj autonomije u obrazovanju, kao i za njihovu nameru da vežbaju van škole