MEHANIČKE I FUNKCIONALNE KARAKTERISTIKE SNAGE STISKA ŠAKE MLADIH RUKOMETAŠICA

The aim of this research was to define differences in functional and mechanical characteristics of isometric hand grip (HG) strength between young female handball players and the CG comprised of physically active girls with no experience in sport. 70 individuals participated in the research, 36 of whom were the best young female handball players (of cadet and junior categories) while 34 girls comprised the CG. The results obtained show that the young female handball players who took part in the tests achieved Fmax at the levels from 306.4±40.8 to 335.5±47.0 N and RFDmax at the levels ranging from 1918.1±366.8 to 2174.4±382.1 N/s for the non-dominant and dominant hand. When these results are compared to the ones achieved by the CG it is clear that the young female handball players had a statistically significant higher level of the maximum HG force of both arms as well as the higher level of maximum explosiveness. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding all the indexes of dimorphism (ID) as well as the values of the time needed for achieving the maximum intensity of muscle excitation (tRFDmax). Therefore, it can be concluded that the handball players who underwent the testing procedures showed positive adaptation from the aspect of the mechanical characteristics of hand grip strength, which can most likely be ascribed to the phenomenon of biological adaptation to the training stimuli characteristic for handball. However, the same influence was not detected from the aspect of functional characteristics, more precisely, dimorphism.Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se utvrde razlike u funkcionalnim i mehaničkim karakteristikama izometrijske snage stiska šake (SŠ) između mladih rukometašica i kontrolne grupe (KG) koju čine fizički aktivne devojke bez iskustva u sportu. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 70 ispitanika, od kojih je 36 najboljih mladih rukometašica (kadetske i juniorske kategorije), a 34 KG devojke. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da su mlade rukometašice koje su učestvovale u testovima postigle Fmax na nivoima od 306.4±40,8 do 335.5±47.0 N i RFDmax na nivoima od 1918.1±366.8 do 2174.4±382.1 N/s za nedominantnu i dominantnu šaku. Kada se ovi rezultati uporede sa rezultatima KG, jasno je da su mlade rukometašice imale statistički značajno viši nivo maksimalne snage SŠ obe šake, kao i viši nivo maksimalne eksplozivnosti. Nije bilo statistički značajne razlike između grupa u pogledu svih indeksa dimorfizma (ID), kao i u pogledu vremena potrebnog za postizanje maksimalnog intenziteta mišićne ekscitacije (tRFDmax). Na osnovu toga se može zaključiti da su rukometašice koje su prošle proces testiranja pokazale pozitivnu adaptaciju sa aspekta mehaničkih karakteristika snage stiska šake, što se najverovatnije može pripisati fenomenu biološke adaptacije na trenažne stimuluse karakteristične za rukomet. Nije međutim zapažen isti uticaj sa aspekta funkcionalnih karakteristika, tačnije dimorfizma