Forensic interviewing of mentally disordered suspects: The impact of interview style on investigation outcomes.

The investigative interviewing of a vulnerable suspect is a complex task. Current best practice advocates for the use of open questions in obtaining a free recall. However, those with mental health conditions have limited cognitive abilities, and there is emerging evidence that suggests open questions may not always be suitable for the vulnerable interviewee. This study examined the impact of two different interview models (best practice v modified interview) on the type of investigation relevant information obtained within an experimental vulnerable ‘suspect’ sample. A sample of 108 University students participated; of those, 47 self-reported mental health conditions and 61 confirmed no presence of mental health issues. The sample consisted of 18 male and 90 female participants, with an average age of 24.1 years. Participants engaged in two tasks; ‘stealing’ a mobile phone and some exam scripts. Each participant was then subject to either a best practice (containing largely open questions) or a modified interview (containing largely closed questions). Vulnerable participants provided a significantly higher and more accurate amount of investigation relevant information during the modified interview rather than the best practice interview. In addition, participants that have mental health conditions sought more clarifications during the best practice interviews. Our findings challenge current best practice in that vulnerable participants performed worse in interviews containing more open questions than closed questions. These findings add to the emerging evidence base that vulnerable individuals may require an alternative method of questioning, including the use of closed questions as ‘scaffolding’ during an investigative interview