A beep, a flash, a rumble? Evaluating multimodal displays for drivers

Multimodal displays should alert drivers in effective ways without distracting. They have a great potential for improving the driving task and even preventing injuries that can result from critical events. This work investigates the design and use of such displays to alert drivers about events of varying importance. The goal is to assess responses based on urgency, situation on the road, driver workload, as well as driver characteristics. This will form the basis for designing an algorithm that will utilize multimodal displays to inform drivers