Dynamical properties of Bianchi-I spacetimes in f (R) gravity

We present a dynamical analysis in terms of new expansion-normalized variables for homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi-I spacetimes in f(R) gravity in the presence of anisotropic matter. With a suitable choice of the evolution parameter, the Einstein's equations are reduced to an autonomous five-dimensional system of ordinary differential equations for the new variables. Further restrictions lead to considerable simplifications. For instance, we show that for a large class of functions f (R), which includes several cases commonly considered in the literature, all the fixed points are polynomial roots, and hence they can be determined with good accuracy and classified for stability. Moreover, typically for these cases, any fixed point corresponding to isotropic solutions in the presence of anisotropic matter will be unstable. The assumption of a perfect fluid as source and the vacuum cases imply some dimensional reductions and even more simplifications. In particular, we find that the vacuum solutions of f (R) = R1+delta, with delta a constant, are governed by an effective bidimensional phase space which can be analytically constructed, leading to an exactly soluble dynamics. Finally, we demonstrate that several results already reported in the literature can be reobtained in a more direct and easy way by exploring our dynamical formulation996CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPnão tem2013/09357-9The authors thank S. Pal and J. D. Barrow for enlightening discussions, and the Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics at Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, for the warm hospitality during the long-term workshop YITP-T-17-02 “Gravity and Cosmology 2018,” where this work was initiated. A. S. is also grateful to FAPESP (Grant No. 2013/09357-9) and CNPq for the financial support. The work of K. B. was partially supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant No. JP 25800136 and Competitive Research Funds for Fukushima University Faculty (18RI009