USPOREDBA KINESKIH I EUROPSKIH GRADOVA PO PRISTUPU RAZVOJA STRATEGIJA PAMETNIH GRADOVA : diplomski rad

Razvojem tehnologije i povećanjem stanovništva u gradovima, dolazi do stvaranja novog pojma pametnog grada. Stvaranjem pametnog grada nastoji se pomoći građanima i omogućiti im jednostavniji i kvalitetniji život. Pametan grad se očituje kroz šest atributa: pametno gospodarstvo, pametne građane, pametno upravljanje, pametnu mobilnost, pametni okoliš i pametno življenje. Kroz navedene atribute se uvode tehnologije i olakšava gradski život. Pametni gradovi se nalaze svuda po svijetu, ali najviše ih je u Zapadnoj Europi, čak 33%. Prema IESE Cities Motion Indexu među prvih 10 najpametnijih gradova na svijetu nalazi se 7 europskih, a to su London, Amsterdam, Paris, Reykjavik, Kopenhagen, Berlin i Beč. EU ima razne fondove i inicijative kojima financiranja ulaganja i stvaranja novih pametnih gradova diljem Europe. Svaki grad je jedinstven za sebe i ne može se uspoređivati s drugima. Moguća je usporedba u određenim segmentima. Kroz razvoj pametnih gradova u Europi naglasak se stavlja na unaprjeđenje mobilnosti i transporta, osobito velikih gradova. Također, jedan od problema je i zagađenje zraka što se pokušava riješiti postavljanjem vrtova na vrh novih zgrada kao jedna od metoda pročišćavanja zraka. S druge strane, Kina je vodeća tehnološka zemlja na svijetu i najbrže rastuća ekonomija od otvaranja tržišta svijetu. Kina ima veliki problem s brojem stanovnika koji naseljavaju velike gradove poput Šangaja i Pekinga. Vlada Narodne Republike Kine je pokušala riješiti navedeni problem gradnjom novih gradova, ali nažalost nije u potpunosti uspjela. Mnogi gradovi su naseljeni, iako ne u potpunosti kako je bilo prvobitno zamišljeno, no vlada je i dalje pozitivna, te misle kako će se gradovi naseliti u godinama koje slijede. Gradovi koji su trenutno prazni dobili su naziv gradovi duhova. Kako bi ovaj rad bio vjerodostojniji, napravljen je intervju sa kineskim ekspertom za pametne gradove koji radi u Šangaju na razvoju aplikacija za grad. Kao osoba koja živi u jednom od najmnogoljudnijih gradova na svijetu pojasnio nam je kako izgleda život ljudi koji se dosele u taj veliki grad. Postoje razne beneficije osoba koje su na papiru građani Šangaja, dok ostali ljudi koji tu žive radi posla ili obrazovanja nemaju toliko prednosti. Vlada Narodne Republike Kine je bila prisiljena uvesti restrikcije jer bi inače došlo do raznoraznih nesporazuma i život u Šangaju ne bi bio siguran. Zbog velike potražnje najmovi stanova u Šangaju su jako skupi. Kinezi su ujedno i jedni od osnivača 5G tehnologije uz koju se vežu velike kontroverzije, te su već počeli s primjenom. Kina igra jako važnu ulogu u razvitku pametnih gradova diljem svijeta. No, strane države se sve više boje kako će oprema pametnih gradova koja dolazi iz Kine prikupljati podatke koje će Kini pružiti konkurentnost, ali i biti dostupna kineskoj obavještajnoj službi. Europa može jako puno naučiti od Kine u pogledu pametnog grada, kao i Kina od Europe. Suradnja Kine i Europe postoji već jako dugo u ekonomskom pogledu, ali i u ostalim sferama života. Postoje razni projekti gdje Europljani rade u Kini i Kinezi u Europi.With the development of technology and the increase of the population in the cities, a new concept of a smart city is being created. By creating a smart city, government is striving to help citizens and provide them a simpler and better life. Smart city is manifested through six attributes: smart economy, smart citizens, smart governance, smart mobility, smart environment and smart living. Through these attributes, technologies are introduced and city life is facilitated. Smart cities are found all over the world, but most of them are in Western Europe, as many as 33%. According to the IESE Cities Motion Index, among the top 10 smartest cities in the world are 7 European cities and those are: London, Amsterdam, Paris, Reykjavik, Copenhagen, Berlin and Vienna. The EU has various funds and initiatives to fund investment and create new smart cities across Europe. Each city is unique and cannot be compared to others. Comparison is possible in certain segments. Through the development of smart cities in Europe, emphasis is placed on improving mobility and transport, especially in large cities. Also, one of the problems is air pollution which is being solved by placing gardens on top of new buildings as one of the methods of air purification. China, on the other hand, is the world’s leading technology country and the fastest growing economy since opening up markets to the world. China has a big problem with the population of big cities like Shanghai and Beijing. The government of the People's Republic of China has tried to solve this problem by building new cities, but unfortunately has not fully succeeded. Many cities are inhabited, although not completely as originally intended, but the government is still positive, and they think that the cities will be inhabited in the years to come. The cities that are currently empty are called ghost towns. To make this work more credible, an interview was conducted with a Chinese smart city expert working in Shanghai on developing applications for the city. As a person living in one of the most populous cities in the world, he explained what the lives of people who move to that big city look like. There are various benefits to people who are Shanghai citizens on paper, while other people who live there for work or education do not have as many advantages. The government of the People's Republic of China was forced to impose restrictions because otherwise there would be various misunderstandings and life in Shanghai would not be safe. Due to high demand, apartment rents in Shanghai are very expensive. The Chinese are also one of the founders of 5G technology, which is associated with great controversy, and have already 64 begun to apply. China plays a very important role in the development of smart cities around the world. But foreign countries are increasingly afraid that smart city equipment coming from China will collect data that will provide China with competitiveness, but also be available to Chinese intelligence. Europe can learn a lot from China in terms of a smart city, just as China can learn from Europe. Cooperation between China and Europe has existed for a very long time in economic terms, but also in other spheres of life. There are various projects where Europeans work in China and Chinese in Europe