Irrigation in modern agriculture

Voda je najrasprostranjenija tekućina na Zemlji i zauzima tri četvrtine njene površine. Gradivna je tvar svih živih bića, sudjeluje u odvijanju procesa kao što je fotosinteza, koristi se za navodnjavanje poljoprivrednih površina, proizvodnju i pripremu hrane, te u konačnici za piće. Ratarstvo je poljoprivredna grana biljne proizvodnje i znanstvena disciplina koja se bavi uzgojem i proučavanjem kulturnih biljaka u svrhu dobivanja određenih biljnih proizvoda. Kulturne biljke koje su predmet ratarstva uzgajaju se na oranicama, livadama i pašnjacima. Značaj ratarstva je ogroman jer su ratarski proizvodi osnova u ljudskoj prehrani. Tlo i voda su nerazdvojni čimbenici ljudskog, životinjskog i biljnog postojanja. Voda je neprestano prisutna u tlu ili na njegovoj površini. Sadržaj vode u tlu je promjenjiv i ovisi o vremenskim prilikama i potrošnji vode od strane biljaka. Često je voda u tlu u suvišku, tako da nepovoljno utječe na tlo i biljku, u tom slučaju se koristi odvodnja kao meliorativna mjera zbog nepovoljnog rasporeda ili količine oborina, česta je pojava da vode u tlu nema dovoljno za normalan rast i razvoj kulturnog bilja. Poljoprivrednim zemljištima koja nemaju dovoljno vode za uzgoj poljoprivrednih kultura vodu dodajemo na umjetni način. Sve mjere i radovi kojima se svjesno i na umjetni način povećava sadržaj vode u tlu s ciljem uzgoja poljoprivrednih kultura nazivamo navodnjavanje. Navodnjavanjem i odvodnjom u velikoj mjeri pomažemo i olakšavamo poljoprivrednim kulturama borbu s vremenskim, klimatskim, pedološkim utjecajima te na taj način osiguravamo ono najbitnije, velike i stabilnije prinose.Water is the most widespread liquid on Earth and occupies three-quarters of its surface. It is a building material of all living beings, participates in processes such as photosynthesis, used for irrigation of agricultural surfaces, production and preparation of food, and ultimately for drinking. Crops are an agricultural branch of plant production and scientific discipline that deals with cultivation and study of cultural plants for the purpose of obtaining certain herbal products. Cultivated plants planted in the fields are grown on fields, meadows and pastures. The significance of farming is enormous because the vegetable products are the basis for human nutrition. Soil and water are inseparable factors of human, animal and plant existence. Water is constantly present in the soil or on its surface. Water content in the soil is variable and depends on weather conditions and water consumption by plants. Often water in the soil is excessive, so it adversely affects the soil and the plant, in which case drainage is used as a meliorative measure due to unfavorable distribution or precipitation quantity, a common occurrence that leads to the soil is not enough for normal growth and development of cultural herbs. Agricultural lands that do not have enough water to grow agricultural crops are added to the water artificially. All measures and works that consciously and artificially increase the water content in the soil for the purpose of cultivating agricultural crops are called irrigation. With irrigation and drainage, we greatly help and facilitate agricultural cultures by combating weather, climate, and pedological influences, thus ensuring the most important, big and stable yields