Kinesiological Activity and Eating Habits in Children

Prehrambene navike i kineziološka aktivnost osiguravaju pravilan rast i razvoj, te smanjuju rizik od razvoja pojedinih bolesti. Kombinacijom hrane biljnog i životinjskog podrijetla u prehrani organizam se opskrbljuje svim potrebnim nutrijentima. U njih se ubrajaju: ugljikohidrati, masti, bjelančevine, vitamini i mineralne tvari, prehrambena vlakna i voda. Važnost razvijanja navika zdravog života u predškolskoj dobi očituje se kroz cijeli život. Načela zdravog življenja obuhvaćaju primjenu piramide zdrave prehrane, ali i piramidu aktivnog početka. Temeljem raznih istraživanja iz prakse i teorija učenja vidljiva je presudnost okoline u djetetovom razvijanju zdravih navika. Djetetovu okolinu s jedne strane čine obitelj i prijatelji, dok je to s druge strane odgojno–obrazovna ustanova. Osim prehrane, od velike je važnosti i redovita tjelesna aktivnost. Od najranije dobi primarna svrha gibanja je razvoj motorike i mišićno–koštanog sustava. Daljnjim redovitim bavljenjem tjelesnim aktivnostima razvija se djetetova ličnost, potiče socio-emocionalni razvoj te pospješuje rad dišnog i kardiovaskularnog sustava. Današnji trendovi pokazuju tendenciju smanjenja kretanja kod djece zbog većeg korištenja tehnologija i dominantnog prijevoza motornim vozilima. Kineziološke aktivnosti dijele se na monostrukturalne (plivanje), polistrukturalne (tenis), kompleksne (nogomet) te estetske (gimnastika). U sklopu završnog rada provedeno je istraživanje s ciljem otkrivanja prehrambenih navika i količine tjelesne aktivnosti kod djece predškolske dobi. Za potrebe istraživanja korišten je kratki upitnik u kojem je sudjelovalo dvadeset ispitanika u dobi od pet do šest i pol godina. Rezultati ukazuju na nedostatak kretanja djece u slobodno vrijeme kao i nepridržavanje načela zdrave prehrane kod kuće.Eating habits and kinesiological activity ensure proper growth and development while reduce the risk of developing certain diseases. By combining food of plant and animal origin in the diet, the body is supplied with all the nutrients it needs. These include: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals, dietary fiber and water. The importance of developing healthy living habits in preschool children is evident throughout their life. The principles of healthy living include the application of the pyramid of healthy eating, but also the pyramid of active onset. Based on a variety of studies and learning theories, the environmental importance of developing healthy habits can be seen. On the one hand, the child's environment is made up of family and friends, while on the other, it is an educational institution. In addition to diet, regular physical activity is of great importance. From an early age, the primary purpose of physical activity is to develop motor and musculoskeletal systems. Further regular physical activity develops the child's personality, stimulates socio-emotional development, promotes the work of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Today's trends show a tendency of reduce movement in children due to increased use of technology and dominant motor vehicle transportation. Kinesiological activities are divided into monostructural (swimming), polystructural (tennis), complex (football) and aesthetic (gymnastics). As part of the final paper, a study was conducted with the aim of discovering dietary habits and the amount of physical activity in preschool children. For the purposes of the survey, a short questionnaire was used in which twenty respondents aged five to six and a half years participated. The results indicate a lack of movement in their leisure time and a lack of obedience to the principle of healthy eating at home