HEALTH CARE OF PEOPLE WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

Autizam je pervazivni razvojni poremećaj koji se javlja najčešće u prve tri godine života, zahvaća skoro sve psihičke funkcije i traje cijeli život. Osobe s autizmom imaju poteškoće u socijalnoj interakciji, komunikaciji, emocionalnom izražavanju, prepoznatljive bizarnosti u ponašanju i stereotipije. Stopa autizma veća je kod muškaraca nego u žena, čak do pet puta. Iako se kroz godine puno saznalo o autizmu, još uvijek se smatra stanjem heterogene no nepoznate etiologije. Postoji više vrsta autizma od kojih su najpoznatiji Kannerov sindrom, Aspergerov sindrom, Rettov sindrom, Hellerova psihoza i atipični autizam. Kod autističnih osoba mora se provoditi procjena sposobnosti govora, pamćenja, socijalnih vještina, načina na koji se igraju te motoričkog i emocionalnog razvoja. Podrška okoline je neophodna kako bi osoba ostvarila što samostalniji i kvalitetniji život kako bi mogla sudjelovati u svakodnevnim aktivnostima. Potrebno je što prije uključivanje osoba u rehabilitacijske programe kako bi se smanjili simptomi autizma i postigla što bolja inkluzija u društvo, počevši od vrtića, škola i radnih mjesta. Samozastupanje osoba s autizmom ističe da su svi ljudi jednaki i da svi zaslužuju ravnopravnost i poštovanje. Značajnu ulogu imaju roditelji koji im uvelike pomažu, pa je potrebna njihova edukacija jer time mogu povoljno utjecati na krajnje ishode liječenja. Zdravstvena njega osoba s poremećajem iz spektra autizma zahtijeva holistički pristup radi zadovoljavanja osnovnih ljudskih potreba, uvažavanja svakog pojedinca, izgradnje odnosa povjerenja s ciljem inkluzije osobe u društvo. Takva skrb postiže se cjelovitom procjenom autistične osobe, prikupljanjem podataka, definiranjem problema, ciljeva, izborom adekvatnih individualiziranih intervencija te trajnom evaluacijom.Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder that occurs most often in the first three years of life, affects almost all psychic functions and lasts a lifetime. People with autism have difficulties in social interaction, communication, emotional expression, have recognizable bizarre behavior and stereotypes. The rate of autism is higher in men than in women, up to five times. Although much has been learned about autism throughout the years, it is still considered a heterogeneous condition with unknown etiology. There are many types of autism, most notably Kanner's syndrome, Asperger's syndrome, Rett's syndrome, Heller's psychosis, and atypical autism. For autistic persons, an assessment of the ability to speak, memory, social skills, how to play, and motor and emotional development must be carried out. Environmental support is necessary to make a person more independent and run a quality life in order to be able to participate in daily activities. As soon as possible, people are involved in rehabilitation programs to reduce the symptoms of autism and achieve better inclusion in society, starting from kindergartens, schools, and jobs. Self-help of autistic people points out that all people are equal and that everyone deserves equality and respect. Parents have a significant role to play, and they need to be educated because they can have a beneficial effect on the ultimate outcome of the treatment. Health care of people with autism spectrum disorders require a holistic approach to satisfying basic human needs, respecting each individual, building a relationship of trust with the goal of incorporating a person into society. Such care is achieved through a comprehensive assessment of the autistic person, gathering data, defining problems, goals, selecting appropriate individualized interventions, and permanent evaluation