THE IMPORTANCE OF NURSING CARE IN MONITORING AND TREATMENT PERIOD IMMEDIATLEY AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY

Srce je šuplji mišićni organ koji je smješten u prsnom košu. Sastoji se od dvije pretklijetke te dvije klijetke. Srce je građeno od triju slojeva: endocardium, myocardium, epicardium. Srčani arterijski sustav sastoji se od desne i lijeve vjenačne, tj. koronarne arterije. Srčani provodni sustav sastoji se od čvorova i snopova. Započinje sinuatrijskim čvorom, nastavlja se na antrioventrikularni čvor te završava sa Hisovim snopom. Često se tijekom kardiokiruških zahvata rad srca mora zaustaviti i prijeći na izvantjelsnu cirkulaciju. Kod operacije srčanih zalistaka, zalistci se repariraju ili potpuno uklanjaju i zamjenjuju s umjetnim. Zlatni standard u kiruškom liječenju koronarne bolesti srca je revaskularizacija uz upotrebu stroja za izvantjelesnu cirkulaciju.Izbor provodnika je od presudne važnosti, a najbolji provodnik je unutarnja prsna aterija. Stoga, bolesnici koji su bili podvrgnuti kardiokiruškoj operaciji zahtijevat će kontinuirano nadzor i intervencije za potporu strojne ventilacije, održavanje kardiovaskularnog sustava i metaboličke stabilnosti, te druge napredne razine skrbi. Medicinske setre i tehničari provode najviše vremena uz bolesnika, i oni su ti koji prvi primjete promjene na bolesniku, o tome obaviještavaju liječnika i provode ordiniranu terapiju. Od iznimne važnosti je dobro poznavanje znakova i simptoma hemodinamičkih i respiracijskih poremćaja i tumačenja vrijednosti koje dobivamo monitoringom.The heart is a hollow muscular organ placed in the chest wall. It consists of two atria and two ventricles. The heart is built of three layers: endocardium, pericardium, and myocardium. The heart artery system consists of the right and left flanking coronary arteries. The heart delivery system consists of knots and bondless. It begins with the sympatric node, continues on the atrioventricular node and ends with Hissov beam. During cardiac surgery, the heart rate often has to stop and move to the extracorporeal circulation. In cardiac valve surgery, the valve is repaired or completely removed and replaced by artificial valve. The gold standard in surgical treatment of coronary heart disease is revascularization using the extracorporeal circulation machine. The choice of conductor was crucial, and the best conductor was the internal thoracic artery. Patients who have undergone cardiac surgery will require continuous monitoring and interventions for mechanical ventilation, cardiovascular maintenance and metabolic stability and other advanced levels of care. Nurses and medical technicians typically spend the most time with patients. This allows the nurse or medical technician to actively observe the patient, notice any changes, and to inform the doctor these changes. The doctor will then evaluate the symptoms and advise the nurse the appropriate prescribed therapy to administer. It is very important for nurses to know signs and symptoms of hemodynamic disorders. This will include practical knowledge on how to read the various parameters from monitoring devices