REHABILITATION OF CARDIAC PATIENTS

9.1 Cilj rada Rehabilitaciju kardiovaskularnih bolesnika čine opsežni, dugotrajni programi koji uključuju medicinsku evaluaciju, fizički trening, modifikaciju kardiovaskularnih čimbenika rizika, edukaciju i savjetovanja. Programi su dizajnirani da ograniče fiziološke i psihosocijalne učinke srčanih bolesti, smanje rizik nagle smrti ili reinfarkta, kontroliraju simptome bolesti, stabiliziraju ili smanje aterosklerotske procese i poboljšaju psihosocijalni i radni status odabranih bolesnika. (1) Ovaj rad ima za cilj ukazati na važnost kardiovaskularne rehabilitacije i primarne prevencije. Opisane fizioterapijske tehnike i metode rehabilitacije su one koje su se dosada pokazale najučinkovitijima. Također, rezultati istraživanja koji su prikazani su uvelike utjecali na razvoj kardiovaskularne rehabilitacije do stupnja na kojem se ona sada nalazi. 9.2 Zaključak Kardiovaskularna rehabilitacija i prevencija su u današnje vrijeme izuzetno važne grane zdravstva. Koronarna stanja su vodeći uzrok za smrt odraslih osoba, a zauzimaju drugo mjesto po dijagnozama i uzrocima invalidnosti. Rizični faktori poput pušenja, konzumacije alkohola i nedovoljno kretanja su ono na što se može i mora utjecati. Tjelesna aktivnost je svakako sugerirana kao dio primarne i sekundarne prevencije te dokazano umanjuje šanse za koronarnu bolest, smanjuje simptome i pomaže u oporavku od iste. Kardiovaskularna rehabilitacija je vrlo veliko područje djelovanja, ali i iznimno osjetljivo te zahtijeva dobru dijagnozu i procjenu stanja, stalno praćenje bolesnika dok je u stacionarnoj jedinici i redovite kontrole nakon završetka fizioterapijskog liječenja.10.1 Thesis objective The rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular conditions encompasses extensive long-term programmes that include medical evaluation, physical training, reduction of risk factors, education and consultations. Programmes are designed to limit physiological and psycho-social effects of cardiac diseases, reduce the risk of a sudden death or reinfarction, control disease symptoms, stabilise or reduce atherosclerotic processes and improve psycho-social and working ability of patients. This thesis aims to highlight the importance of cardiovascular rehabilitation and primary prevention. The physio-therapeutic techniques and methods of rehabilitation described in this theses have thus far shown to be the most effective. Furthermore, the results of research that are described have greatly impacted the development of cardiovascular rehabilitation up to its current level. 10.2 Conclusion Cardiovascular rehabilitation and prevention are extremely important branches in today's health care system. Coronary conditions are one of the leading causes of death in adults, and they are the second most common diagnosis and cause of disability. Risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption and a sedentary lifestyle are what can and should be targeted. Physical activity is certainly advised as part of both primary and secondary prevention, and has been proven to reduce the risk of a coronary disease, reduce the symptoms and enhance the recovery process. Cardiovascular rehabilitation is an extensive field of treatment, but also extremely sensitive and requires accurate diagnosis and assessment of a given condition, constant monitoring of a patient while in a stationary unit, and regular controls after completing physio-therapeutic treatment