NURSING CARE OF PATIENTS AFTER THE PARANASAL SINUSES SURGERY

Paranazalni sinusi parne su šupljine u kostima glave. Zbog svoje uske povezanosti s nosom danas ih smatramo jedinstvenom funkcionalnom cjelinom. Razlikujemo maksilarne, etmoidalne, frontalne i sfenoidalne sinusee. Bolesti paranazalnih sinusa su izrazito česte te zahvaćaju velik broj sveukupne svjetske populacije. Javljaju se kod oba spola te u gotovo svim fazama života. Funkcionalna endoskopska sinusna kirurgija (FESS) danas je standardna operacija u kirurgiji sinusa. Međutim, iako ima brojne prednosti u odnosu na sinusnu kirurgiju prije upotrebe endoskopa, treba naglasiti da FESS nije jednostavna metoda te da su moguće brojne komplikacije. Kako su upravo zahvati na ovom području jedni od najčešćih na klinici za otorinolaringologiju, valja naglasiti i važnost zdravstvene njege nosne šupljine nakon operacijskog zahvata. Naime, uz visoku suradljivost i motiviranost bolesnika, upravo zdravstvena njega daje konačan rezultat liječenja i poboljšava kvalitetu života tijekom oporavka. Najčešći problemi iz područja zdravstvene njege nakon operacije paranazalnih sinusa su akutna bol, smanjena prohodnost dišnih puteva, oštećenje sluznice usne šupljine te visok rizik za krvarenje. Da bi se spriječilo postoperativno krvarenje i omogućio uredan oporavak sluznice nosa, na kraju operacije postavljaju se nosni tamponi. Odabrani tip tamponade u velikoj mjeri određen je praksom i odredbama klinike. Zbog sve bržeg razvoja tehnologije i novih materijala, u budućnosti možemo očekivati nove vrste nosnih tampona koji bi uvelike olakšali postoperativni oporavak bolesnika te uz to olakšali i samu zdravstvenu njegu tog područja.Paranasal sinuses are dual cavities in the head bones. Because of their close connection to the nose we now consider them a unique functional entity. We distinguish maxillary, ethmoidal, frontal and sfenoidal sinusitis. Diseases of paranasal sinuses are extremely common and affect a large number of global population. They occur in both sexes and in almost all phases of life. Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) today is a standard in sinus surgery. However, although there are numerous advantages in sinus surgury before using endoscope it should be emphasized that FESS is not a simple method and that numerous complications are possible. Since the surgery in this area is one of the most common in the otorhinolaryngology clinic, it is important to emphasize the importance of nose care after the operation. Namely, with the high cooperation and motivation of the patient, actually health care provides the ultimate result of the treatment and improves the quality of life during recovery. The most common problems in the area of health care after the paranasal sinus surgery are acute pain, decreased passage of the airways, damage to the mucous membrane and high risk of bleeding. In order to prevent postoperative bleeding and to enable proper recovery of the nasal mucosa, nasal pads are placed at the end of the operation. The chosen type of tamponade is largely determined by the practice and the provisions of the clinic. Due to the ever-faster development of technology and new materials, we can expect new types of nasal tampons in the future that would greatly facilitate postoperative recovery of patients and facilitate the health care of the area as well