Bishop Antanas Karosas in Punskas: a refugee or an exile?

The unfavourable circumstances and tense political situation forced Bishop Antanas Karosas to move from Seinai to Punskas. Punskas was not his choice, on the contrary, he was sent there. Living in Punskas, he directed a part of the diocese which was on the Lithuanian side as far as circumstances allowed him. The situation was complicated and tense, and the realities of Bishop Antanas Karosas’ temporary stay in Punskas - not to be envied. Following the development of the Polish-Lithuanian armed conflict, the bishop was forced to leave again. He went from Punskas to Marijampolė. The circumstances described in the article indicate that Bishop Antanas Karosas was an exile, not an ordinary refugee