XXth century's investigations of st. Thomas Aquinas' theory of human freedom (l)

Straipsnyje apžvelgiami Tomo Akviniečio laisvės teorijos tyrimai XX amžiuje. Pirmiausia aptariami Tomo prigimtinio įstatymo sampratos, arba jo etikos statuso, tyrimai. Tai tyrimai, orientuoti į žmogaus laisvės problemos sprendimo prielaidas. Čia analizuojama, kiek pagrįsta tradicinė neotomistinė pozicija laikyti Akviniečio etiką prigimtinio įstatymo teorija, o prigimtinį įstatymą - laisvos žmogaus veiksenos principu. Kita straipsnyje apžvelgiama kryptis - bendroji jo laisvės ir laisvos žmogaus veiksenos teorija. Analizuojamas labai platus problemų spektras, apimantis laisvo veiksmo struktūrą, valios ir intelekto santykį.In this article, the autbor reviews some lines of research in St. Thomas Aquinas theory of human freedom in 20-th century. Two basic lines of investigation are introduced. The first one considers Aquinas' conception of natural law (the question of the status of his ethics) and has the presuppositions of his solution of the problem of human freedom in focus. The studies of this type put in question traditional Neothomist view maintaining that Aquinas' ethics is theory of natural law which it the basis of the free human actions, so that man's practical decision is deducible from the first principles of natural law. The second line of investigation, introduced in this article, discusses Aquinas' general theory of freedom and free human activity. The wide spectrum of problems is analyzed, e.g. the problem of the structure of a free action, the problem of the relationship between will and intellect, as well as two widely discussed topics from Aquinas' theory of freedom: intellectual determinism and voluntarism