Tissue engineering and its application areas

Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary area that has been put forward to offer solutions to the problems arising from limiting factors, especially the lack of donors and the formation of immunological response in organ transplantation. This approach finds application in the field of regenerative medicine by demonstrating the appropriate tissue and/or organ model. Basically, tissue engineering involves the construction of scaffolds suitable for the target tissue and/or organ, the factors that make up this scaffold, and the cells to be added to this scaffold. Nowadays, especially stem cell studies can be applied in three dimensional (3D) structures by using cell culture conditions in scaffold construction. In recent years, regenerative medicine approaches have focused on areas where stem cell and three dimensional structures are studied. Today, stem cell studies in which three dimensional culture conditions are applied instead of two dimensional (2D) culture conditions and these three dimensional culture media can be found in dynamic culture conditions with elements such as bioreactors gain increasing importance in terms of tissue engineering and renewable medicine. Depending on the developing technology, tissue engineering products have a wide clinical coverage. Some of the tissue engineering products designed for tissue and organ regeneration, displacing damaged tissue or organ have an important place in life sciences today, including research and some clinical use. Especially in recent years, regenerative medicine studies, which have gained significant momentum due to improvements in stem cell technology and biomolecularization, have made tissue engineering an important part of life sciences. In this review, the elements that make up the tissue engineering will be explained with examples of the literature. © 2018 by Türkiye Klinikleri