ANALISIS USAHATANI MANGGA GEDONG (Mangifera indica spp) (Studi kasus di Kabupaten Cirebon, Jawa Barat)

Farm Analysis of Mango Gedong (Mangifera indica spp) (Case Study in Cirebon Districts, West Java). This study was conducted in Cirebon District, West Java for two months starting from October to November 2005. The objectives of the research were to analyze: (a) the characteristics of mango farmers, (b) the farming system of mango and (3) the economic feasibility of mango farms. This research was designed by using survey method; the primary data were collected from 50 mango farmers using the method of random sampling while the secondary data were collected from the Local Agriculture Office, the Central Bureau Statistics and the Research Institutions. The results showed that Gedong mango was harvested by farmer in two forms, namely Gedong Biasa and Gedong Gincu. The productivity of Mango was 2.025 kg/ha/year consisted of 1.215 kg of Gedong Biasa and 810 kg of Gedong Gincu. The farming of Gedong Mango was economically feasible giving the average net income of Rp.10,818,670,-/ha/year and benefit cost ratio was 3.44. There are two problems in mango production, firstly some farmers had insufficient capital and quite often get money from money lenders and secondly due to the high fluctuation of mango price which was difficult to predict. The collaboration pattern with agribusiness sectors should be arranged, farmers are expected to get a scheme of credit and good farming guidance and practices. While the agribusiness actors were expected will obtain not only higher quality of mango fruits but also will open an export market opportunity to develop the mango industry processing for product diversification. Key words: Mango, farm, West Java Mangga gedong merupakan komoditas potensial untuk diekspor karena memiliki aroma yang tajam, buahnya berwarna merah dan banyak mengandung serat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Cirebon, Jawa Barat selama dua bulan mulai bulan Oktober sampai dengan Nopember 2005. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis: (a) karakteristik petani mangga Gedong, (b) keragaan budidaya dan (c) kelayakan ekonomi usahatani mangga Gedong. Penelitian menggunakan metoda survei, data primer dikumpulkan dan 50 petani mangga gedong yang diambil secara acak sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan, Badan Pusat Statistik dan Lembaga-Lembaga Penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa mangga Gedong dipanen oleh petani dalam dua bentuk, yaitu bentuk Gedong Biasa dan Gedong Gincu. Produktivitas mangga mencapai 2.025 kg/ha/tahun terdiri atas 1.215 kg Gedong Biasa dan 810 kg Gedong Gincu. Usahatani mangga Gedong layak secara ekonomi dengan rata-rata pendapatan bersih Rp.10.818.670,-/ha/tahun dan nilai B/C 3,44. Permasalahan produksi mangga di tingkat petani, yaitu sebagian petani bermodal lemah sehingga mereka sering terjerumus pada pelepas uang dan fluktuasi harga jual mangga cukup tinggi dan sulit diprediksi. Disarankan agar pola kemitraan dengan pelaku usaha agribisnis perlu dibangun, dimana petani diharapkan mendapat bimbingan cara budidaya yang baik dan mendapat bantuan 'credit. Sedangkan pelaku agribisnis diharapkan akan memperoleh produk mangga yang berkualitas, mendapat peluang pasar ekspor dan pengembangan industri pengolahan buah mangga untuk diversifikasi produk.Kata kunci: Mangga gedong, usahatani, Jawa Bara