Second-order theory of the shearing of soft beams

The shearing of soft bean is classified as deformation of soft materials. The deformation of soft materials has been a very popular topic to study because numerous devices artificially made of soft materials are being used in the engineering and medical field. In medical applications the artificial devices are the soft robots, tissue and organs which are now commonly being used in surgical, rehabilitation and diagnostics applications by many medical professionals across the world. In the more advanced medical applications, the soft materials are made into artificial tissue and artificial man-made human organs which are used in a replacement operations carried out by surgeons for the human tissue and organs that are found to be either defective or malfunctioned. In the engineering field, the artificial devices namely the soft robots or fixtures are being used in space or deep sea explorations and also in the construction industries. Therefore, all such artificial devices that are made of soft materials needs to achieve the qualities of being tough, durable and flexible in order to withstand long term continuous usage without deformation, deterioration or even breaking down. In other words, the use of soft materials to manufacture the artificial devices is vitally important, and as such, stringent tests on the materials such as shearing, bending, torsion, compression, tension and fatigue are conducted to determine its quality. In the era of new advanced technologies, highly artificial compliant devices that are made of soft materials are continually being invented and manufactured by these soft materials are generally consists of silicone rubber, hydrogels and other soft biological materials. However, these soft materials have the possibility of undergoing infinite deformation because they have the unique properties of texture softness and the characteristics of flexibility and adaptability regardless of how small the item is being manufactured. Furthermore, these soft devices and artificial organs made of soft materials can encounter a frequent amount of shearing in our daily life when they are used and transplanted into a human body or a robot. Hence, shearing and bending deformations of the soft materials will occur whenever there are movements in the daily human works or robotic operations. However, in this study, more theories will be explored, particularly the deformation of the soft material using shear stress.Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical Engineering