Traditional and online victimization in adolescence: comparison among different victim profiles

Medvrstniško nasilje je opredeljeno kot izpostavljenost učenca negativnim dejanjem enega ali več vrstnikov, pri čemer je to dejanje namerno, se ponavlja in traja daljše časovno obdobje. Z razvojem tehnologije se je pojavila nova oblika medvrstniškega nasilja, ki se odvija na spletu in prinaša nove izzive pri preprečevanju ter soočanju s posledicami. Iz pretekle literature je razvidno, da imajo tako tradicionalne kot tudi spletne žrtve v primerjavi z neudeleženimi večje težave na področju psihosocialnega delovanja, največje težave pa lahko pričakujemo pri dvojnih žrtvah. Namen magistrskega dela je bil ugotoviti razlike med skupinami udeležencev glede na njihove demografske in psihosocialne značilnosti ter značilnosti vedenja na spletu. Končni vzorec je zajemal 1980 učencev višjih razredov osnovne in srednje šole, ki prihajajo z 20 osnovnih in srednjih šol. Učenci so stari med 13 in 22 let. Glede na stopnjo viktimizacije in nasilnega vedenja so bili razvrščeni v štiri skupine: tradicionalne žrtve, spletne žrtve, dvojne žrtve in neudeleženi. Rezultati so pokazali, da se med tradicionalne in spletne žrtve uvršča več deklet kot fantov, a razlika ni statistično značilna. Med spletne žrtve se uvršča več srednješolcev kot osnovnošolcev. Spletne in tradicionalne žrtve poročajo o nižji stopnji splošne in socialne samopodobe ter zaznane opore in o višji stopnji osamljenosti, višjem času aktivne uporabe socialnih omrežij ter pogostejši uporabi Snapchata v primerjavi z neudeleženimi. Spletne žrtve nekoliko presenetljivo poročajo o najvišji stopnji samozaznane priljubljenosti, tradicionalne pa o najnižji. Če primerjamo tradicionalne in spletne žrtve lahko vidimo, da spletne žrtve poročajo o nekoliko boljšem psihosocialnem delovanju, hkrati pa o višjem času aktivne uporabe socialnih omrežij in pogostejši uporabi Snapchata. Dvojne žrtve poročajo o najvišji stopnji osamljenosti in najvišjem času aktivne uporabe socialnih omrežij, ki je primerljiva s stopnjo, o kateri poročajo tradicionalne žrtve. Poleg tega poročajo o podobni stopnji splošne in socialne samopodobe, opore ter samozaznane priljubljenosti kot tradicionalne žrtve.Bullying is defined as the exposure of a student to the negative actions of one or more peers. These actions are intentional, repeated and persistent over a long period of time. With the development of technology a new form of bullying has emerged, which takes place online and it brings new challenges in preventing and coping with the consequences. Past literature shows that both traditional and cyber victims have greater problems with psychosocial functioning than not involved and the greatest problems can be expected for dual victims. The purpose of the master\u27s thesis was to identify differences between groups of participants according to their demographic and psychosocial characteristics and online behaviour. The final sample included 1980 higher grade elementary school students and high school students, coming from 20 elementary and high schools. The students are aged between 13 and 22. According to the level of victimization and violent behaviour, they were classified into four groups: traditional victims, cyber victims, double victims and not involved. The results showed that more girls than boys were classified as traditional and cyber victims, but the difference was not statistically significant. More high school students than higher grade elementary school students are classified as cyber victims. Traditional and cyber victims report lower levels of general and social self-esteem, perceived support and higher levels of loneliness, increased time of active use of social networks and more frequent use of Snapchat compared to not involved. Somewhat surprisingly, cyber victims report the highest level of self-reported popularity, while traditional victims report the lowest. If we compare traditional and cyber victims, we can see that cyber victims report slightly better psychosocial functioning, but they also report higher time of active use of social networks and more frequent use of Snapchat. Dual victims report the highest level of loneliness and the highest time of active use of social networks, which is comparable to the rate reported by traditional victims. In addition, they report similar levels of general and social self-esteem, support, and self-reported popularity as traditional victims