Monitoring continuous subsidence in the Costa del Sol (Málaga province, southern Spanish coast) using ERS-1/2, Envisat, and Sentinel-1A/B SAR interferometry

In this paper we analyze the subsidence behavior of a coastal area in the province of Málaga (Costa del Sol), southern Spain, in the period 1992-2018 using C-band SAR interferometry. The area comprises several zones of interest where continuous deformation has happened during the analyzed period. Using SAR data from ESA’s ERS-1/2, Envisat, and Sentinel-1A/B satellites, and Multi-Temporal InSAR methods we detect and monitor subsidence in highly populated and industrial areas,ERS-1/2 and Envisat data were provided by the European Space Agency (ESA) within 28654 G-POD and 7629 CAT-1 projects. Sentinel-1A/B data were freely provided by ESA through Copernicus Programme. Satellite orbits are from TU Delft and ESA. Data processed by DORIS from TU Delft, StaMPS, SARPROZ, ISCE from NASA/JPL and G-POD service of ESA. Research was supported by: (a) ESA Research and Service Support for providing hardware resources employed in this work, (b) PAIUJA-2017/2018 and CEACTierra from University of Jaén (Spain), and RNM-282 research group from the Junta de Andalucía (Spain), (c) ERDF through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation - COMPETE 2020 Programme within project «POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006961», and by National Funds through the FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) as part of project UID/EEA/50014/2013, (d) The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports from the National Programme of Sustainability (NPU II) project «IT4Innovations excellence in science - LQ1602» (Czech Republic), and (e) Slovak Grant Agency VEGA under projects No. 1/0714/15 and 1/0462/16