Verfahren und Modelle für den Bodenschutz zur Belastungsabschätzung und Risikoabschätzung von Schadstoffeinträgen: Darstellung des Forschungsstandes und Forschungsbedarfs

This study was initiated by the official working group"basic informations on soil conservation".To fulfill the task extensive enquiries of data banks weremade as well as additional questioning of scientists andinstitutes. After a first selection 1.600 sources remainedto be worked through.The literature was generally classified and the registeredmodels were checked with regard to their completeness.A description of the soil dynamics, influx and efflux offour groups of pollutants (heavy metals, acidifying substances,organic contaminants, nitrate) is given in Annex I.This leads to the specif ic demands on models dealing withthe behaviour of the different pollutants. In this contextsoil data are specif ied which govern the fate of chemicalsin the soils.132 models are shortly described in tables,The possibility to use soil data from soil surveys forpractical application is presented and discussed.The results of the different working steps are combined in alast concluding chapter.Summing up, it can be stated that:- there is a large number of methods and models quantifyingcontaminant movement in soils. Due to the complex conditionsthe models either take into account any possibleprocess, which generally leads to a high number of inputdata, or they simplify the soil system to cut down theamount of data necessary.- there are only few userfriendly applicable models to befound and even less which are able to meet the demands ofa burdening and risk assessment. - from the point of view of soil science many of the methodsand models find a satisfactory way to treat the verticalaspect, the lateral aspect is frequently neglectedthough.- the collected literature shows a decreasing number ofmodels taking into account groundwater l soil solution >plant > adjacent soils.- a possible way to meet all the demands of a risk assessmentcould be constituted by a combination of the stochasticformulation of soil data to reveal uniform areas (orstandardized differences), followed by a model quantifyingrelative sensitivities of each area as defined within thestochastic part.All possible ways through the soil should be taken intoaccount and the antagonistic aspects of eff lux andcontamination should reproducibly be represented