Removing Contaminants from non-ideal Hydrometallurgical Solutions: Assessment of Cd(II) Liquid-liquid Extraction with Aliquat 336 in Toluene

This dissertation aims to study methods of speciation and extraction of metals in industrial solutions. the metals studied has low concentration relative to the main product in the industrial solution. The result is species that are hard to detect and that are in uncommon thermodynamic conditions. The thesis have used a combination of NMR and Raman spectroscopy together with traditional radiotracer methods to determine the extraction and speciation of the different metals. The main focus has been on cadmium, as this is a toxic metal present in several raw ores. The reason for the goal is the decreasing ore quality which increases the variation of the composition of the industrial solutions